QString Class

One way to initialize a QString is simply to pass a const char * to its constructor. For example, the following code creates a QString of size 5 containing the data "Hello":

QString str = "Hello";

QString converts the const char * data into Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

In all of the QString functions that take const char * parameters, the const char * is interpreted as a classic C-style '\0'-terminated string encoded in UTF-8. It is legal for the const char * parameter to be 0.

You can also provide string data as an array of QChars:

static const QChar data[4] = { 0x0055, 0x006e, 0x10e3, 0x03a3 };
QString str(data, 4);

QString makes a deep copy of the QChar data, so you can modify it later without experiencing side effects. (If for performance reasons you don't want to take a deep copy of the character data, use QString::fromRawData() instead.)

Another approach is to set the size of the string using resize() and to initialize the data character per character. QString uses 0-based indexes, just like C++ arrays. To access the character at a particular index position, you can use operator[](). On non-const strings, operator[]() returns a reference to a character that can be used on the left side of an assignment. For example:

QString str;
str.resize(4);

str[0] = QChar('U');
str[1] = QChar('n');
str[2] = QChar(0x10e3);
str[3] = QChar(0x03a3);

For read-only access, an alternative syntax is to use the at() function:

QString str;

for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); ++i) {
    if (str.at(i) >= QChar('a') && str.at(i) <= QChar('f'))
        qDebug() << "Found character in range [a-f]";
}

The at() function can be faster than operator[](), because it never causes a deep copy to occur. Alternatively, use the left(), right(), or mid() functions to extract several characters at a time.

A QString can embed '\0' characters (QChar::Null). The size() function always returns the size of the whole string, including embedded '\0' characters.

After a call to the resize() function, newly allocated characters have undefined values. To set all the characters in the string to a particular value, use the fill() function.

QString provides dozens of overloads designed to simplify string usage. For example, if you want to compare a QString with a string literal, you can write code like this and it will work as expected:

QString str;

if (str == "auto" || str == "extern"
        || str == "static" || str == "register") {
    // ...
}

You can also pass string literals to functions that take QStrings as arguments, invoking the QString(const char *) constructor. Similarly, you can pass a QString to a function that takes a const char * argument using the qPrintable() macro which returns the given QString as a const char *. This is equivalent to calling <QString>.toLocal8Bit().constData().

QString provides the following basic functions for modifying the character data: append(), prepend(), insert(), replace(), and remove(). For example:

QString str = "and";
str.prepend("rock ");     // str == "rock and"
str.append(" roll");        // str == "rock and roll"
str.replace(5, 3, "&");   // str == "rock & roll"

If you are building a QString gradually and know in advance approximately how many characters the QString will contain, you can call reserve(), asking QString to preallocate a certain amount of memory. You can also call capacity() to find out how much memory QString actually allocated.

The replace() and remove() functions' first two arguments are the position from which to start erasing and the number of characters that should be erased. If you want to replace all occurrences of a particular substring with another, use one of the two-parameter replace() overloads.

A frequent requirement is to remove whitespace characters from a string ('\n', '\t', ' ', etc.). If you want to remove whitespace from both ends of a QString, use the trimmed() function. If you want to remove whitespace from both ends and replace multiple consecutive whitespaces with a single space character within the string, use simplified().

If you want to find all occurrences of a particular character or substring in a QString, use the indexOf() or lastIndexOf() functions. The former searches forward starting from a given index position, the latter searches backward. Both return the index position of the character or substring if they find it; otherwise, they return -1. For example, here's a typical loop that finds all occurrences of a particular substring:

QString str = "We must be <b>bold</b>, very <b>bold</b>";
int j = 0;

while ((j = str.indexOf("<b>", j)) != -1) {
    qDebug() << "Found <b> tag at index position" << j;
    ++j;
}

QString provides many functions for converting numbers into strings and strings into numbers. See the arg() functions, the setNum() functions, the number() static functions, and the toInt(), toDouble(), and similar functions.

To get an upper- or lowercase version of a string use toUpper() or toLower().

Lists of strings are handled by the QStringList class. You can split a string into a list of strings using the split() function, and join a list of strings into a single string with an optional separator using QStringList::join(). You can obtain a list of strings from a string list that contain a particular substring or that match a particular QRegExp using the QStringList::filter() function.

If you want to see if a QString starts or ends with a particular substring use startsWith() or endsWith(). If you simply want to check whether a QString contains a particular character or substring, use the contains() function. If you want to find out how many times a particular character or substring occurs in the string, use count().

QStrings can be compared using overloaded operators such as operator<(), operator<=(), operator==(), operator>=(), and so on. Note that the comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters. It is very fast, but is not what a human would expect; the QString::localeAwareCompare() function is a better choice for sorting user-interface strings.

To obtain a pointer to the actual character data, call data() or constData(). These functions return a pointer to the beginning of the QChar data. The pointer is guaranteed to remain valid until a non-const function is called on the QString.

QString provides the following three functions that return a const char * version of the string as QByteArray: toUtf8(), toLatin1(), and toLocal8Bit().

• toLatin1() returns a Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) encoded 8-bit string.

• toUtf8() returns a UTF-8 encoded 8-bit string. UTF-8 is a superset of US-ASCII (ANSI X3.4-1986) that supports the entire Unicode character set through multibyte sequences.

• toLocal8Bit() returns an 8-bit string using the system's local encoding.

To convert from one of these encodings, QString provides fromLatin1(), fromUtf8(), and fromLocal8Bit(). Other encodings are supported through the QTextCodec class.

As mentioned above, QString provides a lot of functions and operators that make it easy to interoperate with const char * strings. But this functionality is a double-edged sword: It makes QString more convenient to use if all strings are US-ASCII or Latin-1, but there is always the risk that an implicit conversion from or to const char * is done using the wrong 8-bit encoding. To minimize these risks, you can turn off these implicit conversions by defining the following two preprocessor symbols:

• QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII disables automatic conversions from C string literals and pointers to Unicode.

• QT_RESTRICTED_CAST_FROM_ASCII allows automatic conversions from C characters and character arrays, but disables automatic conversions from character pointers to Unicode.

• QT_NO_CAST_TO_ASCII disables automatic conversion from QString to C strings.

One way to define these preprocessor symbols globally for your application is to add the following entry to your qmake project file:

DEFINES += QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII \
           QT_NO_CAST_TO_ASCII

You then need to explicitly call fromUtf8(), fromLatin1(), or fromLocal8Bit() to construct a QString from an 8-bit string, or use the lightweight QLatin1String class, for example:

QString url = QLatin1String("http://www.unicode.org/");

Similarly, you must call toLatin1(), toUtf8(), or toLocal8Bit() explicitly to convert the QString to an 8-bit string. (Other encodings are supported through the QTextCodec class.)

QString Widget::boolToString(bool b)
{
    QString result;
    if (b)
        result = "True";
    else
        result = "False";
    return result;
}

For historical reasons, QString distinguishes between a null string and an empty string. A null string is a string that is initialized using QString's default constructor or by passing (const char *)0 to the constructor. An empty string is any string with size 0. A null string is always empty, but an empty string isn't necessarily null:

QString().isNull();               // returns true
QString().isEmpty();              // returns true

QString("").isNull();             // returns false
QString("").isEmpty();            // returns true

QString("abc").isNull();          // returns false
QString("abc").isEmpty();         // returns false

All functions except isNull() treat null strings the same as empty strings. For example, toUtf8().constData() returns a pointer to a '\0' character for a null string (not a null pointer), and QString() compares equal to QString(""). We recommend that you always use the isEmpty() function and avoid isNull().

In member functions where an argument format can be specified (e.g., arg(), number()), the argument format can be one of the following:

A precision is also specified with the argument format. For the 'e', 'E', and 'f' formats, the precision represents the number of digits after the decimal point. For the 'g' and 'G' formats, the precision represents the maximum number of significant digits (trailing zeroes are omitted).

Many strings are known at compile time. But the trivial constructor QString("Hello"), will copy the contents of the string, treating the contents as Latin-1. To avoid this one can use the QStringLiteral macro to directly create the required data at compile time. Constructing a QString out of the literal does then not cause any overhead at runtime.

A slightly less efficient way is to use QLatin1String. This class wraps a C string literal, precalculates it length at compile time and can then be used for faster comparison with QStrings and conversion to QStrings than a regular C string literal.

Using the QString '+' operator, it is easy to construct a complex string from multiple substrings. You will often write code like this:

    QString foo;
    QString type = "long";

    foo->setText(QLatin1String("vector<") + type + QLatin1String(">::iterator"));

    if (foo.startsWith("(" + type + ") 0x"))
        ...

There is nothing wrong with either of these string constructions, but there are a few hidden inefficiencies. Beginning with Qt 4.6, you can eliminate them.

First, multiple uses of the '+' operator usually means multiple memory allocations. When concatenating n substrings, where n > 2, there can be as many as n - 1 calls to the memory allocator.

In 4.6, an internal template class QStringBuilder has been added along with a few helper functions. This class is marked internal and does not appear in the documentation, because you aren't meant to instantiate it in your code. Its use will be automatic, as described below. The class is found in src/corelib/tools/qstringbuilder.cpp if you want to have a look at it.

QStringBuilder uses expression templates and reimplements the '%' operator so that when you use '%' for string concatenation instead of '+', multiple substring concatenations will be postponed until the final result is about to be assigned to a QString. At this point, the amount of memory required for the final result is known. The memory allocator is then called once to get the required space, and the substrings are copied into it one by one.

Additional efficiency is gained by inlining and reduced reference counting (the QString created from a QStringBuilder typically has a ref count of 1, whereas QString::append() needs an extra test).

There are two ways you can access this improved method of string construction. The straightforward way is to include QStringBuilder wherever you want to use it, and use the '%' operator instead of '+' when concatenating strings:

    #include <QStringBuilder>

    QString hello("hello");
    QStringRef el(&hello, 2, 3);
    QLatin1String world("world");
    QString message =  hello % el % world % QChar('!');

A more global approach which is the most convenient but not entirely source compatible, is to this define in your .pro file:

    DEFINES *= QT_USE_QSTRINGBUILDER

and the '+' will automatically be performed as the QStringBuilder '%' everywhere.

See also fromRawData(), QChar, QLatin1String, QByteArray, QStringRef

Qt-style synonym for QString::const_iterator.

Qt-style synonym for QString::iterator.

This enum describes the various normalized forms of Unicode text.

See Also▲

flags QString::SectionFlags

This enum specifies flags that can be used to affect various aspects of the section() function's behavior with respect to separators and empty fields.

The SectionFlags type is a typedef for QFlags<SectionFlag>. It stores an OR combination of SectionFlag values.

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This enum specifies how the split() function should behave with respect to empty strings.

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This typedef provides an STL-style const iterator for QString.

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The QString::const_pointer typedef provides an STL-style const pointer to a QString element (QChar).

This typedef provides an STL-style const reference for a QString element (QChar).

This typedef provides an STL-style const reverse iterator for QString.

This typedef was introduced in Qt 5.6.

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The QString::size_type typedef provides an STL-style type for difference between pointers.

The QString::iterator typedef provides an STL-style non-const iterator for QString.

See Also▲

The QString::const_pointer typedef provides an STL-style pointer to a QString element (QChar).

This typedef provides an STL-style reference for a QString element (QChar).

This typedef provides an STL-style non-const reverse iterator for QString.

This typedef was introduced in Qt 5.6.

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The QString::size_type typedef provides an STL-style type for sizes (int).

This typedef provides an STL-style value type for QString.

Constructs a null string. Null strings are also empty.

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Constructs a string initialized with the first size characters of the QChar array unicode.

If unicode is 0, a null string is constructed.

If size is negative, unicode is assumed to point to a nul-terminated array and its length is determined dynamically. The terminating nul-character is not considered part of the string.

QString makes a deep copy of the string data. The unicode data is copied as is and the Byte Order Mark is preserved if present.

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Constructs a string of size 1 containing the character ch.

Constructs a string of the given size with every character set to ch.

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Constructs a copy of the Latin-1 string str.

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Constructs a string initialized with the 8-bit string str. The given const char pointer is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this constructor by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

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Constructs a string initialized with the byte array ba. The given byte array is converted to Unicode using fromUtf8(). Stops copying at the first 0 character, otherwise copies the entire byte array.

You can disable this constructor by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

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Constructs a copy of other.

This operation takes constant time, because QString is implicitly shared. This makes returning a QString from a function very fast. If a shared instance is modified, it will be copied (copy-on-write), and that takes linear time.

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Move-constructs a QString instance, making it point at the same object that other was pointing to.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.2.

Destroys the string.

Appends the string str onto the end of this string.

Example:

QString x = "free";
QString y = "dom";

x.append(y);
// x == "freedom"

This is the same as using the insert() function:

x.insert(x.size(), y);

The append() function is typically very fast (constant time), because QString preallocates extra space at the end of the string data so it can grow without reallocating the entire string each time.

See Also▲

This function overloads append().

Appends the character ch to this string.

This function overloads append().

Appends len characters from the QChar array str to this string.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

Appends the given string reference to this string and returns the result.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

This function overloads append().

Appends the Latin-1 string str to this string.

This function overloads append().

Appends the string str to this string. The given const char pointer is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this function by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads append().

Appends the byte array ba to this string. The given byte array is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this function by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

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Returns a copy of this string with the lowest numbered place marker replaced by string a, i.e., %1, %2, ..., %99.

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that argument a shall occupy. If a requires less space than fieldWidth, it is padded to fieldWidth with character fillChar. A positive fieldWidth produces right-aligned text. A negative fieldWidth produces left-aligned text.

This example shows how we might create a status string for reporting progress while processing a list of files:

QString i;           // current file's number
QString total;       // number of files to process
QString fileName;    // current file's name

QString status = QString("Processing file %1 of %2: %3")
                .arg(i).arg(total).arg(fileName);

First, arg(i) replaces %1. Then arg(total) replaces %2. Finally, arg(fileName) replaces %3.

One advantage of using arg() over asprintf() is that the order of the numbered place markers can change, if the application's strings are translated into other languages, but each arg() will still replace the lowest numbered unreplaced place marker, no matter where it appears. Also, if place marker %i appears more than once in the string, the arg() replaces all of them.

If there is no unreplaced place marker remaining, a warning message is output and the result is undefined. Place marker numbers must be in the range 1 to 99.

This function overloads arg().

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a is padded to and filled with the character fillChar. A positive value produces right-aligned text; a negative value produces left-aligned text.

The base argument specifies the base to use when converting the integer a into a string. The base must be between 2 and 36, with 8 giving octal, 10 decimal, and 16 hexadecimal numbers.

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), the locale's zero is used. For negative numbers, zero padding might appear before the minus sign.

This function overloads arg().

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a is padded to and filled with the character fillChar. A positive value produces right-aligned text; a negative value produces left-aligned text.

The base argument specifies the base to use when converting the integer a into a string. base must be between 2 and 36, with 8 giving octal, 10 decimal, and 16 hexadecimal numbers.

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), the locale's zero is used. For negative numbers, zero padding might appear before the minus sign.

This function overloads arg().

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a is padded to and filled with the character fillChar. A positive value produces right-aligned text; a negative value produces left-aligned text.

The a argument is expressed in the given base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36.

The '%' can be followed by an 'L', in which case the sequence is replaced with a localized representation of a. The conversion uses the default locale. The default locale is determined from the system's locale settings at application startup. It can be changed using QLocale::setDefault(). The 'L' flag is ignored if base is not 10.

QString str;
str = QString("Decimal 63 is %1 in hexadecimal")
        .arg(63, 0, 16);
// str == "Decimal 63 is 3f in hexadecimal"

QLocale::setDefault(QLocale(QLocale::English, QLocale::UnitedStates));
str = QString("%1 %L2 %L3")
        .arg(12345)
        .arg(12345)
        .arg(12345, 0, 16);
// str == "12345 12,345 3039"

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), the locale's zero is used. For negative numbers, zero padding might appear before the minus sign.

This function overloads arg().

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a is padded to and filled with the character fillChar. A positive value produces right-aligned text; a negative value produces left-aligned text.

The base argument specifies the base to use when converting the integer a to a string. The base must be between 2 and 36, with 8 giving octal, 10 decimal, and 16 hexadecimal numbers.

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), the locale's zero is used. For negative numbers, zero padding might appear before the minus sign.

This function overloads arg().

The a argument is expressed in base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36. For bases other than 10, a is treated as an unsigned integer.

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a is padded to and filled with the character fillChar. A positive value produces right-aligned text; a negative value produces left-aligned text.

The '%' can be followed by an 'L', in which case the sequence is replaced with a localized representation of a. The conversion uses the default locale, set by QLocale::setDefault(). If no default locale was specified, the "C" locale is used. The 'L' flag is ignored if base is not 10.

QString str;
str = QString("Decimal 63 is %1 in hexadecimal")
        .arg(63, 0, 16);
// str == "Decimal 63 is 3f in hexadecimal"

QLocale::setDefault(QLocale(QLocale::English, QLocale::UnitedStates));
str = QString("%1 %L2 %L3")
        .arg(12345)
        .arg(12345)
        .arg(12345, 0, 16);
// str == "12345 12,345 3039"

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), the locale's zero is used. For negative numbers, zero padding might appear before the minus sign.

This function overloads arg().

The base argument specifies the base to use when converting the integer a into a string. The base must be between 2 and 36.

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), the locale's zero is used. For negative numbers, zero padding might appear before the minus sign.

This function overloads arg().

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a is padded to and filled with the character fillChar. A positive value produces right-aligned text; a negative value produces left-aligned text.

The base argument specifies the base to use when converting the integer a into a string. The base must be between 2 and 36, with 8 giving octal, 10 decimal, and 16 hexadecimal numbers.

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), the locale's zero is used. For negative numbers, zero padding might appear before the minus sign.

This function overloads arg().

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a is padded to and filled with the character fillChar. A positive value produces right-aligned text; a negative value produces left-aligned text.

The base argument specifies the base to use when converting the integer a into a string. The base must be between 2 and 36, with 8 giving octal, 10 decimal, and 16 hexadecimal numbers.

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), the locale's zero is used. For negative numbers, zero padding might appear before the minus sign.

This function overloads arg().

Argument a is formatted according to the specified format and precision. See Argument Formats for details.

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a is padded to and filled with the character fillChar. A positive value produces right-aligned text; a negative value produces left-aligned text.

double d = 12.34;
QString str = QString("delta: %1").arg(d, 0, 'E', 3);
// str == "delta: 1.234E+01"

The '%' can be followed by an 'L', in which case the sequence is replaced with a localized representation of a. The conversion uses the default locale, set by QLocale::setDefault(). If no default locale was specified, the "C" locale is used.

If fillChar is '0' (the number 0, ASCII 48), this function will use the locale's zero to pad. For negative numbers, the zero padding will probably appear before the minus sign.

See Also▲

This function overloads arg().

The a argument is interpreted as a Latin-1 character.

This function overloads arg().

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a copy of this string with the lowest-numbered place-marker replaced by string a, i.e., %1, %2, ..., %99.

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a shall occupy. If a requires less space than fieldWidth, it is padded to fieldWidth with character fillChar. A positive fieldWidth produces right-aligned text. A negative fieldWidth produces left-aligned text.

This example shows how we might create a status string for reporting progress while processing a list of files:

int i;                // current file's number
int total;            // number of files to process
QStringView fileName; // current file's name

QString status = QString("Processing file %1 of %2: %3")
                .arg(i).arg(total).arg(fileName);

First, arg(i) replaces %1. Then arg(total) replaces %2. Finally, arg(fileName) replaces %3.

One advantage of using arg() over asprintf() is that the order of the numbered place markers can change, if the application's strings are translated into other languages, but each arg() will still replace the lowest-numbered unreplaced place-marker, no matter where it appears. Also, if place-marker %i appears more than once in the string, arg() replaces all of them.

If there is no unreplaced place-marker remaining, a warning message is printed and the result is undefined. Place-marker numbers must be in the range 1 to 99.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a copy of this string with the lowest-numbered place-marker replaced by string a, i.e., %1, %2, ..., %99.

fieldWidth specifies the minimum amount of space that a shall occupy. If a requires less space than fieldWidth, it is padded to fieldWidth with character fillChar. A positive fieldWidth produces right-aligned text. A negative fieldWidth produces left-aligned text.

One advantage of using arg() over asprintf() is that the order of the numbered place markers can change, if the application's strings are translated into other languages, but each arg() will still replace the lowest-numbered unreplaced place-marker, no matter where it appears. Also, if place-marker %i appears more than once in the string, arg() replaces all of them.

If there is no unreplaced place-marker remaining, a warning message is printed and the result is undefined. Place-marker numbers must be in the range 1 to 99.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

This function overloads arg().

This is the same as str.arg(a1).arg(a2), except that the strings a1 and a2 are replaced in one pass. This can make a difference if a1 contains e.g. %1:

QString str;
str = "%1 %2";

str.arg("%1f", "Hello");        // returns "%1f Hello"
str.arg("%1f").arg("Hello");    // returns "Hellof %2"

A similar problem occurs when the numbered place markers are not white space separated:

QString str;
str = "%1%3%2";
str.arg("Hello").arg(20).arg(50); // returns "Hello500"

str = "%1%2%3";
str.arg("Hello").arg(50).arg(20); // returns "Hello5020"

Let's look at the substitutions:

• First, Hello replaces %1 so the string becomes "Hello%3%2".

• Then, 20 replaces %2 so the string becomes "Hello%320".

• Since the maximum numbered place marker value is 99, 50 replaces %32.

Thus the string finally becomes "Hello500".

In such cases, the following yields the expected results:

QString str;
str = "%1%3%2";
str.arg("Hello", QString::number(20), QString::number(50)); // returns "Hello5020"

This function overloads arg().

This is the same as calling str.arg(a1).arg(a2).arg(a3), except that the strings a1, a2 and a3 are replaced in one pass.

This function overloads arg().

This is the same as calling str.arg(a1).arg(a2).arg(a3).arg(a4), except that the strings a1, a2, a3 and a4 are replaced in one pass.

This function overloads arg().

This is the same as calling str.arg(a1).arg(a2).arg(a3).arg(a4).arg(a5), except that the strings a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 are replaced in one pass.

This function overloads arg().

This is the same as calling str.arg(a1).arg(a2).arg(a3).arg(a4).arg(a5).arg(a6)), except that the strings a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, and a6 are replaced in one pass.

This function overloads arg().

This is the same as calling str.arg(a1).arg(a2).arg(a3).arg(a4).arg(a5).arg(a6).arg(a7), except that the strings a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, and a7 are replaced in one pass.

This function overloads arg().

This is the same as calling str.arg(a1).arg(a2).arg(a3).arg(a4).arg(a5).arg(a6).arg(a7).arg(a8), except that the strings a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, and a8 are replaced in one pass.

This function overloads arg().

This is the same as calling str.arg(a1).arg(a2).arg(a3).arg(a4).arg(a5).arg(a6).arg(a7).arg(a8).arg(a9), except that the strings a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, and a9 are replaced in one pass.

Safely builds a formatted string from the format string cformat and an arbitrary list of arguments.

The format string supports the conversion specifiers, length modifiers, and flags provided by printf() in the standard C++ library. The cformat string and %s arguments must be UTF-8 encoded.

QString result;
QTextStream(&result) << "pi = " << 3.14;
// result == "pi = 3.14"

For translations, especially if the strings contains more than one escape sequence, you should consider using the arg() function instead. This allows the order of the replacements to be controlled by the translator.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See Also▲

Returns the character at the given index position in the string.

The position must be a valid index position in the string (i.e., 0 <= position < size()).

See Also▲

Returns the last character in the string. Same as at(size() - 1).

This function is provided for STL compatibility.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

See Also▲

Returns a reference to the last character in the string. Same as operator[](size() - 1).

This function is provided for STL compatibility.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

See Also▲

Returns an STL-style iterator pointing to the first character in the string.

See Also▲

This function overloads begin().

Returns the maximum number of characters that can be stored in the string without forcing a reallocation.

The sole purpose of this function is to provide a means of fine tuning QString's memory usage. In general, you will rarely ever need to call this function. If you want to know how many characters are in the string, call size().

See Also▲

Returns a const STL-style iterator pointing to the first character in the string.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

See Also▲

Returns a const STL-style iterator pointing to the imaginary character after the last character in the list.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

See Also▲

Removes n characters from the end of the string.

If n is greater than or equal to size(), the result is an empty string; if n is negative, it is equivalent to passing zero.

Example:

QString str("LOGOUT\r\n");
str.chop(2);
// str == "LOGOUT"

If you want to remove characters from the beginning of the string, use remove() instead.

See Also▲

Returns a substring that contains the size() - len leftmost characters of this string.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

See Also▲

Clears the contents of the string and makes it null.

See Also▲

Compares s1 with s2 and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is less than, equal to, or greater than s2.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive, the comparison is case sensitive; otherwise the comparison is case insensitive.

Case sensitive comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-visible strings with localeAwareCompare().

int x = QString::compare("aUtO", "AuTo", Qt::CaseInsensitive);  // x == 0
int y = QString::compare("auto", "Car", Qt::CaseSensitive);     // y > 0
int z = QString::compare("auto", "Car", Qt::CaseInsensitive);   // z < 0

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

See Also▲

This function overloads compare().

Lexically compares this string with the other string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the other string.

Same as compare(*this, other, cs).

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

This function overloads compare().

Compares the string reference, ref, with the string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the string is less than, equal to, or greater than ref.

This function overloads compare().

Same as compare(*this, other, cs).

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

This function overloads compare().

Performs a comparison of this with s, using the case sensitivity setting cs.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.12.

This function overloads compare().

Performs a comparison of s1 and s2, using the case sensitivity setting cs.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

This function overloads compare().

Performs a comparison of s1 and s2, using the case sensitivity setting cs.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

This function overloads compare().

Returns a const STL-style iterator pointing to the first character in the string.

See Also▲

Returns a pointer to the data stored in the QString. The pointer can be used to access the characters that compose the string.

Note that the pointer remains valid only as long as the string is not modified.

See Also▲

Returns a const STL-style iterator pointing to the imaginary character after the last character in the list.

See Also▲

Returns true if this string contains an occurrence of the string str; otherwise returns false.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

Example:

QString str = "Peter Pan";
str.contains("peter", Qt::CaseInsensitive);    // returns true

See Also▲

This function overloads contains().

Returns true if this string contains an occurrence of the character ch; otherwise returns false.

This function overloads contains().

Returns true if this string contains an occurrence of the latin-1 string str; otherwise returns false.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.3.

Returns true if this string contains an occurrence of the string reference str; otherwise returns false.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See Also▲

This function overloads contains().

Returns true if the regular expression rx matches somewhere in this string; otherwise returns false.

This function overloads contains().

Returns true if the regular expression rx matches somewhere in this string; otherwise returns false.

If there is a match, the rx regular expression will contain the matched captures (see QRegExp::matchedLength, QRegExp::cap).

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads contains().

Returns true if the regular expression re matches somewhere in this string; otherwise returns false.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

This function overloads contains().

Returns true if the regular expression re matches somewhere in this string; otherwise returns false.

If the match is successful and match is not a null pointer, it also writes the results of the match into the QRegularExpressionMatch object pointed to by match.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.1.

See Also▲

Returns the number of (potentially overlapping) occurrences of the string str in this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

See Also▲

This function overloads count().

Same as size().

This function overloads count().

Returns the number of occurrences of character ch in the string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

See Also▲

This function overloads count().

Returns the number of (potentially overlapping) occurrences of the string reference str in this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See Also▲

This function overloads count().

Returns the number of times the regular expression rx matches in the string.

This function counts overlapping matches, so in the example below, there are four instances of "ana" or "ama":

QString str = "banana and panama";
str.count(QRegExp("a[nm]a"));    // returns 4

This function overloads count().

Returns the number of times the regular expression re matches in the string.

This function counts overlapping matches, so in the example below, there are four instances of "ana" or "ama":

QString str = "banana and panama";
str.count(QRegularExpression("a[nm]a"));    // returns 4

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

Returns a const STL-style reverse iterator pointing to the first character in the string, in reverse order.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.6.

See Also▲

Returns a const STL-style reverse iterator pointing to one past the last character in the string, in reverse order.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.6.

See Also▲

Returns a pointer to the data stored in the QString. The pointer can be used to access and modify the characters that compose the string.

Unlike constData() and unicode(), the returned data is always '\0'-terminated.

Example:

QString str = "Hello world";
QChar *data = str.data();
while (!data->isNull()) {
    qDebug() << data->unicode();
    ++data;
}

Note that the pointer remains valid only as long as the string is not modified by other means. For read-only access, constData() is faster because it never causes a deep copy to occur.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

See Also▲

Returns an STL-style iterator pointing to the imaginary character after the last character in the string.

See Also▲

This function overloads end().

Returns true if the string ends with s; otherwise returns false.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

QString str = "Bananas";
str.endsWith("anas");         // returns true
str.endsWith("pple");         // returns false

See Also▲

This function overloads endsWith().

Returns true if the string ends with the string reference s; otherwise returns false.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See Also▲

This function overloads endsWith().

Returns true if the string ends with the string view str; otherwise returns false.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

See Also▲

This function overloads endsWith().

Returns true if the string ends with c; otherwise returns false.

This function overloads endsWith().

Sets every character in the string to character ch. If size is different from -1 (default), the string is resized to size beforehand.

Example:

QString str = "Berlin";
str.fill('z');
// str == "zzzzzz"

str.fill('A', 2);
// str == "AA"

See Also▲

Constructs a new QString containing a copy of the string CFString.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.2.

Returns a QString initialized with the first size characters of the Latin-1 string str.

If size is -1 (default), it is taken to be strlen(str).

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a QString initialized with the Latin-1 string str.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

Returns a QString initialized with the first size characters of the 8-bit string str.

If size is -1 (default), it is taken to be strlen(str).

QTextCodec::codecForLocale() is used to perform the conversion.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a QString initialized with the 8-bit string str.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

Constructs a new QString containing a copy of the string NSString.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.2.

Constructs a QString that uses the first size Unicode characters in the array unicode. The data in unicode is not copied. The caller must be able to guarantee that unicode will not be deleted or modified as long as the QString (or an unmodified copy of it) exists.

Any attempts to modify the QString or copies of it will cause it to create a deep copy of the data, ensuring that the raw data isn't modified.

Here's an example of how we can use a QRegularExpression on raw data in memory without requiring to copy the data into a QString:

QRegularExpression pattern("\u00A4");
static const QChar unicode[] = {
        0x005A, 0x007F, 0x00A4, 0x0060,
        0x1009, 0x0020, 0x0020};
int size = sizeof(unicode) / sizeof(QChar);

QString str = QString::fromRawData(unicode, size);
if (str.contains(pattern) {
    // ...
}

See Also▲

Returns a copy of the str string. The given string is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

See Also▲

Returns a copy of the str string. The given string is assumed to be encoded in UTF-16.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See Also▲

Returns a copy of the str string. The given string is assumed to be encoded in UCS-4.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See Also▲

Returns a copy of the str string. The given string is assumed to be encoded in utf16 if the size of wchar_t is 2 bytes (e.g. on windows) and ucs4 if the size of wchar_t is 4 bytes (most Unix systems).

See Also▲

Returns a QString initialized with the first size characters of the Unicode string unicode (ISO-10646-UCS-4 encoded).

If size is -1 (default), unicode must be terminated with a 0.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

See Also▲

Returns a QString initialized with the first size characters of the Unicode string str (ISO-10646-UCS-4 encoded).

If size is -1 (default), str must be terminated with a 0.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.3.

See Also▲

Returns a QString initialized with the first size bytes of the UTF-8 string str.

If size is -1 (default), it is taken to be strlen(str).

UTF-8 is a Unicode codec and can represent all characters in a Unicode string like QString. However, invalid sequences are possible with UTF-8 and, if any such are found, they will be replaced with one or more "replacement characters", or suppressed. These include non-Unicode sequences, non-characters, overlong sequences or surrogate codepoints encoded into UTF-8.

This function can be used to process incoming data incrementally as long as all UTF-8 characters are terminated within the incoming data. Any unterminated characters at the end of the string will be replaced or suppressed. In order to do stateful decoding, please use QTextDecoder.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a QString initialized with the UTF-8 string str.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

Returns a QString initialized with the first size characters of the Unicode string unicode (ISO-10646-UTF-16 encoded).

If size is -1 (default), unicode must be terminated with a 0.

This function checks for a Byte Order Mark (BOM). If it is missing, host byte order is assumed.

This function is slow compared to the other Unicode conversions. Use QString(const QChar *, int) or QString(const QChar *) if possible.

QString makes a deep copy of the Unicode data.

See Also▲

Returns a QString initialized with the first size characters of the Unicode string str (ISO-10646-UTF-16 encoded).

If size is -1 (default), str must be terminated with a 0.

This function checks for a Byte Order Mark (BOM). If it is missing, host byte order is assumed.

This function is slow compared to the other Unicode conversions. Use QString(const QChar *, int) or QString(const QChar *) if possible.

QString makes a deep copy of the Unicode data.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.3.

See Also▲

Returns a copy of the string, where the encoding of string depends on the size of wchar. If wchar is 4 bytes, the string is interpreted as UCS-4, if wchar is 2 bytes it is interpreted as UTF-16.

If size is -1 (default), the string has to be 0 terminated.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

See Also▲

Returns the first character in the string. Same as at(0).

This function is provided for STL compatibility.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

See Also▲

Returns a reference to the first character in the string. Same as operator[](0).

This function is provided for STL compatibility.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

See Also▲

Returns the index position of the first occurrence of the string str in this string, searching forward from index position from. Returns -1 if str is not found.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

Example:

QString x = "sticky question";
QString y = "sti";
x.indexOf(y);               // returns 0
x.indexOf(y, 1);            // returns 10
x.indexOf(y, 10);           // returns 10
x.indexOf(y, 11);           // returns -1

If from is -1, the search starts at the last character; if it is -2, at the next to last character and so on.

See Also▲

This function overloads indexOf().

Returns the index position of the first occurrence of the character ch in the string, searching forward from index position from. Returns -1 if ch could not be found.

Returns the index position of the first occurrence of the string str in this string, searching forward from index position from. Returns -1 if str is not found.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

Example:

QString x = "sticky question";
QString y = "sti";
x.indexOf(y);               // returns 0
x.indexOf(y, 1);            // returns 10
x.indexOf(y, 10);           // returns 10
x.indexOf(y, 11);           // returns -1

If from is -1, the search starts at the last character; if it is -2, at the next to last character and so on.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

See Also▲

This function overloads indexOf().

Returns the index position of the first occurrence of the string reference str in this string, searching forward from index position from. Returns -1 if str is not found.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

This function overloads indexOf().

Returns the index position of the first match of the regular expression rx in the string, searching forward from index position from. Returns -1 if rx didn't match anywhere.

Example:

QString str = "the minimum";
str.indexOf(QRegExp("m[aeiou]"), 0);       // returns 4

This function overloads indexOf().

Returns the index position of the first match of the regular expression rx in the string, searching forward from index position from. Returns -1 if rx didn't match anywhere.

If there is a match, the rx regular expression will contain the matched captures (see QRegExp::matchedLength, QRegExp::cap).

Example:

QString str = "the minimum";
str.indexOf(QRegExp("m[aeiou]"), 0);       // returns 4

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads indexOf().

Returns the index position of the first match of the regular expression re in the string, searching forward from index position from. Returns -1 if re didn't match anywhere.

Example:

QString str = "the minimum";
str.indexOf(QRegularExpression("m[aeiou]"), 0);       // returns 4

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

This is an overloaded function.

Returns the index position of the first match of the regular expression re in the string, searching forward from index position from. Returns -1 if re didn't match anywhere.

If the match is successful and rmatch is not a null pointer, it also writes the results of the match into the QRegularExpressionMatch object pointed to by rmatch.

Example:

QString str = "the minimum";
QRegularExpressionMatch match;
str.indexOf(QRegularExpression("m[aeiou]"), 0, &match);       // returns 4
// match.captured() == mi

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

Inserts the string str at the given index position and returns a reference to this string.

Example:

QString str = "Meal";
str.insert(1, QString("ontr"));
// str == "Montreal"

If the given position is greater than size(), the array is first extended using resize().

See Also▲

This function overloads insert().

Inserts ch at the given index position in the string.

This function overloads insert().

Inserts the first size characters of the QChar array unicode at the given index position in the string.

This function overloads insert().

Inserts the string reference str at the given index position and returns a reference to this string.

If the given position is greater than size(), the array is first extended using resize().

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

This function overloads insert().

Inserts the Latin-1 string str at the given index position.

This function overloads insert().

Inserts the C string str at the given index position and returns a reference to this string.

If the given position is greater than size(), the array is first extended using resize().

This function is not available when QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII is defined.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See Also▲

This function overloads insert().

Inserts the byte array str at the given index position and returns a reference to this string.

If the given position is greater than size(), the array is first extended using resize().

This function is not available when QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII is defined.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See Also▲

Returns true if the string has no characters; otherwise returns false.

Example:

QString().isEmpty();            // returns true
QString("").isEmpty();          // returns true
QString("x").isEmpty();         // returns false
QString("abc").isEmpty();       // returns false

See Also▲

Returns true if the string only contains lowercase letters, otherwise returns false.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.12.

See Also▲

Returns true if this string is null; otherwise returns false.

Example:

QString().isNull();             // returns true
QString("").isNull();           // returns false
QString("abc").isNull();        // returns false

Qt makes a distinction between null strings and empty strings for historical reasons. For most applications, what matters is whether or not a string contains any data, and this can be determined using the isEmpty() function.

See Also▲

Returns true if the string is read right to left.

See Also▲

Returns true if the string only contains uppercase letters, otherwise returns false.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.12.

See Also▲

Returns the index position of the last occurrence of the string str in this string, searching backward from index position from. If from is -1 (default), the search starts at the last character; if from is -2, at the next to last character and so on. Returns -1 if str is not found.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

Example:

QString x = "crazy azimuths";
QString y = "az";
x.lastIndexOf(y);           // returns 6
x.lastIndexOf(y, 6);        // returns 6
x.lastIndexOf(y, 5);        // returns 2
x.lastIndexOf(y, 1);        // returns -1

See Also▲

This function overloads lastIndexOf().

Returns the index position of the last occurrence of the character ch, searching backward from position from.

This function overloads lastIndexOf().

Returns the index position of the last occurrence of the string str in this string, searching backward from index position from. If from is -1 (default), the search starts at the last character; if from is -2, at the next to last character and so on. Returns -1 if str is not found.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

Example:

QString x = "crazy azimuths";
QString y = "az";
x.lastIndexOf(y);           // returns 6
x.lastIndexOf(y, 6);        // returns 6
x.lastIndexOf(y, 5);        // returns 2
x.lastIndexOf(y, 1);        // returns -1

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

See Also▲

This function overloads lastIndexOf().

Returns the index position of the last occurrence of the string reference str in this string, searching backward from index position from. If from is -1 (default), the search starts at the last character; if from is -2, at the next to last character and so on. Returns -1 if str is not found.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See Also▲

This function overloads lastIndexOf().

Returns the index position of the last match of the regular expression rx in the string, searching backward from index position from. Returns -1 if rx didn't match anywhere.

Example:

QString str = "the minimum";
str.lastIndexOf(QRegExp("m[aeiou]"));      // returns 8

This function overloads lastIndexOf().

Returns the index position of the last match of the regular expression rx in the string, searching backward from index position from. Returns -1 if rx didn't match anywhere.

If there is a match, the rx regular expression will contain the matched captures (see QRegExp::matchedLength, QRegExp::cap).

Example:

QString str = "the minimum";
str.lastIndexOf(QRegExp("m[aeiou]"));      // returns 8

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads lastIndexOf().

Returns the index position of the last match of the regular expression re in the string, which starts before the index position from. Returns -1 if re didn't match anywhere.

Example:

QString str = "the minimum";
str.lastIndexOf(QRegularExpression("m[aeiou]"));      // returns 8

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

This is an overloaded function.

Returns the index position of the last match of the regular expression re in the string, which starts before the index position from. Returns -1 if re didn't match anywhere.

If the match is successful and rmatch is not a null pointer, it also writes the results of the match into the QRegularExpressionMatch object pointed to by rmatch.

Example:

QString str = "the minimum";
QRegularExpressionMatch match;
str.lastIndexOf(QRegularExpression("m[aeiou]"), -1, &match);      // returns 8
// match.captured() == mu

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

Returns a substring that contains the n leftmost characters of the string.

The entire string is returned if n is greater than or equal to size(), or less than zero.

QString x = "Pineapple";
QString y = x.left(4);      // y == "Pine"

See Also▲

Returns a string of size width that contains this string padded by the fill character.

If truncate is false and the size() of the string is more than width, then the returned string is a copy of the string.

QString s = "apple";
QString t = s.leftJustified(8, '.');    // t == "apple..."

If truncate is true and the size() of the string is more than width, then any characters in a copy of the string after position width are removed, and the copy is returned.

QString str = "Pineapple";
str = str.leftJustified(5, '.', true);    // str == "Pinea"

See Also▲

Returns a substring reference to the n leftmost characters of the string.

If n is greater than or equal to size(), or less than zero, a reference to the entire string is returned.

QString x = "Pineapple";
QStringRef y = x.leftRef(4);        // y == "Pine"

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See Also▲

Returns the number of characters in this string. Equivalent to size().

See Also▲

Compares s1 with s2 and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is less than, equal to, or greater than s2.

The comparison is performed in a locale- and also platform-dependent manner. Use this function to present sorted lists of strings to the user.

On macOS and iOS this function compares according the "Order for sorted lists" setting in the International preferences panel.

See Also▲

This function overloads localeAwareCompare().

Compares this string with the other string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the other string.

The comparison is performed in a locale- and also platform-dependent manner. Use this function to present sorted lists of strings to the user.

Same as localeAwareCompare(*this, other).

This function overloads localeAwareCompare().

Compares this string with the other string and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if this string is less than, equal to, or greater than the other string.

The comparison is performed in a locale- and also platform-dependent manner. Use this function to present sorted lists of strings to the user.

Same as localeAwareCompare(*this, other).

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads localeAwareCompare().

Compares s1 with s2 and returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is less than, equal to, or greater than s2.

The comparison is performed in a locale- and also platform-dependent manner. Use this function to present sorted lists of strings to the user.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

Returns a string that contains n characters of this string, starting at the specified position index.

Returns a null string if the position index exceeds the length of the string. If there are less than n characters available in the string starting at the given position, or if n is -1 (default), the function returns all characters that are available from the specified position.

Example:

QString x = "Nine pineapples";
QString y = x.mid(5, 4);            // y == "pine"
QString z = x.mid(5);               // z == "pineapples"

See Also▲

Returns a substring reference to n characters of this string, starting at the specified position.

If the position exceeds the length of the string, a null reference is returned.

If there are less than n characters available in the string, starting at the given position, or if n is -1 (default), the function returns all characters from the specified position onwards.

Example:

QString x = "Nine pineapples";
QStringRef y = x.midRef(5, 4);      // y == "pine"
QStringRef z = x.midRef(5);         // z == "pineapples"

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See Also▲

Returns the string in the given Unicode normalization mode, according to the given version of the Unicode standard.

Returns a string equivalent of the number n according to the specified base.

The base is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36. For bases other than 10, n is treated as an unsigned integer.

The formatting always uses QLocale::C, i.e., English/UnitedStates. To get a localized string representation of a number, use QLocale::toString() with the appropriate locale.

long a = 63;
QString s = QString::number(a, 16);             // s == "3f"
QString t = QString::number(a, 16).toUpper();     // t == "3F"

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a string equivalent of the number n, formatted according to the specified format and precision. See Argument Formats for details.

Unlike QLocale::toString(), this function does not honor the user's locale settings.

See Also▲

Prepends the string str to the beginning of this string and returns a reference to this string.

Example:

QString x = "ship";
QString y = "air";
x.prepend(y);
// x == "airship"

See Also▲

This function overloads prepend().

Prepends the character ch to this string.

This function overloads prepend().

Prepends len characters from the QChar array str to this string and returns a reference to this string.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

This function overloads prepend().

Prepends the string reference str to the beginning of this string and returns a reference to this string.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

This function overloads prepend().

Prepends the Latin-1 string str to this string.

This function overloads prepend().

Prepends the string str to this string. The const char pointer is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this function by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads prepend().

Prepends the byte array ba to this string. The byte array is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this function by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function is provided for STL compatibility, appending the given other string onto the end of this string. It is equivalent to append(other).

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Appends the given ch character onto the end of this string.

This function is provided for STL compatibility, prepending the given other string to the beginning of this string. It is equivalent to prepend(other).

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Prepends the given ch character to the beginning of this string.

Returns a STL-style reverse iterator pointing to the first character in the string, in reverse order.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.6.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.6.

Removes n characters from the string, starting at the given position index, and returns a reference to the string.

If the specified position index is within the string, but position + n is beyond the end of the string, the string is truncated at the specified position.

QString s = "Montreal";
s.remove(1, 4);
// s == "Meal"

See Also▲

Removes every occurrence of the character ch in this string, and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

Example:

QString t = "Ali Baba";
t.remove(QChar('a'), Qt::CaseInsensitive);
// t == "li Bb"

This is the same as replace(ch, "", cs).

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Removes every occurrence of the given str string in this string, and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This is the same as replace(str, "", cs).

This function was introduced in Qt 5.11.

See Also▲

Removes every occurrence of the given str string in this string, and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This is the same as replace(str, "", cs).

See Also▲

Removes every occurrence of the regular expression rx in the string, and returns a reference to the string. For example:

QString r = "Telephone";
r.remove(QRegExp("[aeiou]."));
// r == "The"

See Also▲

Removes every occurrence of the regular expression re in the string, and returns a reference to the string. For example:

QString r = "Telephone";
r.remove(QRegularExpression("[aeiou]."));
// r == "The"

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

See Also▲

Returns a STL-style reverse iterator pointing to one past the last character in the string, in reverse order.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.6.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.6.

Returns a copy of this string repeated the specified number of times.

If times is less than 1, an empty string is returned.

Example:

QString str("ab");
str.repeated(4);            // returns "abababab"

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

Replaces n characters beginning at index position with the string after and returns a reference to this string.

Example:

QString x = "Say yes!";
QString y = "no";
x.replace(4, 3, y);
// x == "Say no!"

See Also▲

This function overloads replace().

Replaces n characters beginning at index position with the character after and returns a reference to this string.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces n characters beginning at index position with the first size characters of the QChar array unicode and returns a reference to this string.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the character before with the character after and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces each occurrence in this string of the first blen characters of before with the first alen characters of after and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the string before with the string after and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the string before with the string after and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the string before with the string after and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the string before with the string after and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

Example:

QString str = "colour behaviour flavour neighbour";
str.replace(QString("ou"), QString("o"));
// str == "color behavior flavor neighbor"

Example:

QString equis = "xxxxxx";
equis.replace("xx", "x");
// equis == "xxx"

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the character ch in the string with after and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the character c with the string after and returns a reference to this string.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.5.

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the regular expression rx in the string with after. Returns a reference to the string. For example:

QString s = "Banana";
s.replace(QRegExp("a[mn]"), "ox");
// s == "Boxoxa"

For regular expressions containing capturing parentheses, occurrences of \1, \2, ..., in after are replaced with rx.cap(1), cap(2), ...

QString t = "A <i>bon mot</i>.";
t.replace(QRegExp("<i>([^<]*)</i>"), "\\emph{\\1}");
// t == "A \\emph{bon mot}."

See Also▲

This function overloads replace().

Replaces every occurrence of the regular expression re in the string with after. Returns a reference to the string. For example:

QString s = "Banana";
s.replace(QRegularExpression("a[mn]"), "ox");
// s == "Boxoxa"

For regular expressions containing capturing groups, occurrences of \1, \2, ..., in after are replaced with the string captured by the corresponding capturing group.

QString t = "A <i>bon mot</i>.";
t.replace(QRegularExpression("<i>([^<]*)</i>"), "\\emph{\\1}");
// t == "A \\emph{bon mot}."

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

See Also▲

Attempts to allocate memory for at least size characters. If you know in advance how large the string will be, you can call this function, and if you resize the string often you are likely to get better performance. If size is an underestimate, the worst that will happen is that the QString will be a bit slower.

The sole purpose of this function is to provide a means of fine tuning QString's memory usage. In general, you will rarely ever need to call this function. If you want to change the size of the string, call resize().

This function is useful for code that needs to build up a long string and wants to avoid repeated reallocation. In this example, we want to add to the string until some condition is true, and we're fairly sure that size is large enough to make a call to reserve() worthwhile:

QString result;
int maxSize;
bool condition;
QChar nextChar;

result.reserve(maxSize);

while (condition)
    result.append(nextChar);

result.squeeze();

See Also▲

Sets the size of the string to size characters.

If size is greater than the current size, the string is extended to make it size characters long with the extra characters added to the end. The new characters are uninitialized.

If size is less than the current size, characters are removed from the end.

Example:

QString s = "Hello world";
s.resize(5);
// s == "Hello"

s.resize(8);
// s == "Hello???" (where ? stands for any character)

If you want to append a certain number of identical characters to the string, use the resize(int, QChar) overload.

If you want to expand the string so that it reaches a certain width and fill the new positions with a particular character, use the leftJustified() function:

If size is negative, it is equivalent to passing zero.

QString r = "Hello";
r = r.leftJustified(10, ' ');
// r == "Hello     "

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Unlike resize(int), this overload initializes the new characters to fillChar:

QString t = "Hello";
r.resize(t.size() + 10, 'X');
// t == "HelloXXXXXXXXXX"

This function was introduced in Qt 5.7.

Returns a substring that contains the n rightmost characters of the string.

The entire string is returned if n is greater than or equal to size(), or less than zero.

QString x = "Pineapple";
QString y = x.right(5);      // y == "apple"

See Also▲

Returns a string of size() width that contains the fill character followed by the string. For example:

QString s = "apple";
QString t = s.rightJustified(8, '.');    // t == "...apple"

If truncate is false and the size() of the string is more than width, then the returned string is a copy of the string.

If truncate is true and the size() of the string is more than width, then the resulting string is truncated at position width.

QString str = "Pineapple";
str = str.rightJustified(5, '.', true);    // str == "Pinea"

See Also▲

Returns a substring reference to the n rightmost characters of the string.

If n is greater than or equal to size(), or less than zero, a reference to the entire string is returned.

QString x = "Pineapple";
QStringRef y = x.rightRef(5);       // y == "apple"

This function was introduced in Qt 4.4.

See Also▲

This function returns a section of the string.

This string is treated as a sequence of fields separated by the character, sep. The returned string consists of the fields from position start to position end inclusive. If end is not specified, all fields from position start to the end of the string are included. Fields are numbered 0, 1, 2, etc., counting from the left, and -1, -2, etc., counting from right to left.

The flags argument can be used to affect some aspects of the function's behavior, e.g. whether to be case sensitive, whether to skip empty fields and how to deal with leading and trailing separators; see SectionFlags.

QString str;
QString csv = "forename,middlename,surname,phone";
QString path = "/usr/local/bin/myapp"; // First field is empty
QString::SectionFlag flag = QString::SectionSkipEmpty;

str = csv.section(',', 2, 2);   // str == "surname"
str = path.section('/', 3, 4);  // str == "bin/myapp"
str = path.section('/', 3, 3, flag); // str == "myapp"

If start or end is negative, we count fields from the right of the string, the right-most field being -1, the one from right-most field being -2, and so on.

str = csv.section(',', -3, -2);  // str == "middlename,surname"
str = path.section('/', -1); // str == "myapp"

See Also▲

This function overloads section().

QString str;
QString data = "forename**middlename**surname**phone";

str = data.section("**", 2, 2); // str == "surname"
str = data.section("**", -3, -2); // str == "middlename**surname"

See Also▲

This function overloads section().

This string is treated as a sequence of fields separated by the regular expression, reg.

QString line = "forename\tmiddlename  surname \t \t phone";
QRegExp sep("\\s+");
str = line.section(sep, 2, 2); // str == "surname"
str = line.section(sep, -3, -2); // str == "middlename  surname"

See Also▲

This function overloads section().

This string is treated as a sequence of fields separated by the regular expression, re.

QString line = "forename\tmiddlename  surname \t \t phone";
QRegularExpression sep("\\s+");
str = line.section(sep, 2, 2); // str == "surname"
str = line.section(sep, -3, -2); // str == "middlename  surname"

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

See Also▲

Sets the string to the printed value of n in the specified base, and returns a reference to the string.

The base is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36. For bases other than 10, n is treated as an unsigned integer.

QString str;
str.setNum(1234);       // str == "1234"

The formatting always uses QLocale::C, i.e., English/UnitedStates. To get a localized string representation of a number, use QLocale::toString() with the appropriate locale.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

Sets the string to the printed value of n, formatted according to the given format and precision, and returns a reference to the string.

The formatting always uses QLocale::C, i.e., English/UnitedStates. To get a localized string representation of a number, use QLocale::toString() with the appropriate locale.

This is an overloaded function.

Sets the string to the printed value of n, formatted according to the given format and precision, and returns a reference to the string.

The format can be 'e', 'E', 'f', 'g' or 'G' (see Argument Formats for an explanation of the formats).

The formatting always uses QLocale::C, i.e., English/UnitedStates. To get a localized string representation of a number, use QLocale::toString() with the appropriate locale.

Resets the QString to use the first size Unicode characters in the array unicode. The data in unicode is not copied. The caller must be able to guarantee that unicode will not be deleted or modified as long as the QString (or an unmodified copy of it) exists.

This function can be used instead of fromRawData() to re-use existings QString objects to save memory re-allocations.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.7.

See Also▲

Resizes the string to size characters and copies unicode into the string.

If unicode is 0, nothing is copied, but the string is still resized to size.

See Also▲

Resizes the string to size characters and copies unicode into the string.

If unicode is 0, nothing is copied, but the string is still resized to size.

Note that unlike fromUtf16(), this function does not consider BOMs and possibly differing byte ordering.

See Also▲

This function is provided for STL compatibility. It is equivalent to squeeze().

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

See Also▲

Returns a string that has whitespace removed from the start and the end, and that has each sequence of internal whitespace replaced with a single space.

Whitespace means any character for which QChar::isSpace() returns true. This includes the ASCII characters '\t', '\n', '\v', '\f', '\r', and ' '.

Example:

QString str = "  lots\t of\nwhitespace\r\n ";
str = str.simplified();
// str == "lots of whitespace";

See Also▲

Returns the number of characters in this string.

The last character in the string is at position size() - 1.

Example:

QString str = "World";
int n = str.size();         // n == 5
str.data()[0];              // returns 'W'
str.data()[4];              // returns 'd'

See Also▲

Splits the string into substrings wherever sep occurs, and returns the list of those strings. If sep does not match anywhere in the string, split() returns a single-element list containing this string.

cs specifies whether sep should be matched case sensitively or case insensitively.

If behavior is QString::SkipEmptyParts, empty entries don't appear in the result. By default, empty entries are kept.

Example:

QString str = "a,,b,c";

QStringList list1 = str.split(',');
// list1: [ "a", "", "b", "c" ]

QStringList list2 = str.split(',', QString::SkipEmptyParts);
// list2: [ "a", "b", "c" ]

If sep is empty, split() returns an empty string, followed by each of the string's characters, followed by another empty string:

QString str = "abc";
auto parts = str.split("");
// parts: {"", "a", "b", "c", ""}

To understand this behavior, recall that the empty string matches everywhere, so the above is qualitatively the same as:

QString str = "/a/b/c/";
auto parts = str.split('/');
// parts: {"", "a", "b", "c", ""}

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

This is an overloaded function.

Splits the string into substrings wherever the regular expression rx matches, and returns the list of those strings. If rx does not match anywhere in the string, split() returns a single-element list containing this string.

Here's an example where we extract the words in a sentence using one or more whitespace characters as the separator:

QString str;
QStringList list;

str = "Some  text\n\twith  strange whitespace.";
list = str.split(QRegExp("\\s+"));
// list: [ "Some", "text", "with", "strange", "whitespace." ]

Here's a similar example, but this time we use any sequence of non-word characters as the separator:

str = "This time, a normal English sentence.";
list = str.split(QRegExp("\\W+"), QString::SkipEmptyParts);
// list: [ "This", "time", "a", "normal", "English", "sentence" ]

Here's a third example where we use a zero-length assertion, \b (word boundary), to split the string into an alternating sequence of non-word and word tokens:

str = "Now: this sentence fragment.";
list = str.split(QRegExp("\\b"));
// list: [ "", "Now", ": ", "this", " ", "sentence", " ", "fragment", "." ]

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Splits the string into substrings wherever the regular expression re matches, and returns the list of those strings. If re does not match anywhere in the string, split() returns a single-element list containing this string.

Here's an example where we extract the words in a sentence using one or more whitespace characters as the separator:

QString str;
QStringList list;

str = "Some  text\n\twith  strange whitespace.";
list = str.split(QRegularExpression("\\s+"));
// list: [ "Some", "text", "with", "strange", "whitespace." ]

Here's a similar example, but this time we use any sequence of non-word characters as the separator:

str = "This time, a normal English sentence.";
list = str.split(QRegularExpression("\\W+"), QString::SkipEmptyParts);
// list: [ "This", "time", "a", "normal", "English", "sentence" ]

Here's a third example where we use a zero-length assertion, \b (word boundary), to split the string into an alternating sequence of non-word and word tokens:

str = "Now: this sentence fragment.";
list = str.split(QRegularExpression("\\b"));
// list: [ "", "Now", ": ", "this", " ", "sentence", " ", "fragment", "." ]

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

See Also▲

Splits the string into substring references wherever sep occurs, and returns the list of those strings.

See QString::split() for how sep, behavior and cs interact to form the result.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

This is an overloaded function.

Splits the string into substring references wherever the regular expression rx matches, and returns the list of those strings. If rx does not match anywhere in the string, splitRef() returns a single-element vector containing this string reference.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Splits the string into substring references wherever the regular expression re matches, and returns the list of those strings. If re does not match anywhere in the string, splitRef() returns a single-element vector containing this string reference.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.4.

See Also▲

Releases any memory not required to store the character data.

The sole purpose of this function is to provide a means of fine tuning QString's memory usage. In general, you will rarely ever need to call this function.

See Also▲

Returns true if the string starts with s; otherwise returns false.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

QString str = "Bananas";
str.startsWith("Ban");     // returns true
str.startsWith("Car");     // returns false

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Returns true if the string starts with the string reference s; otherwise returns false.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Returns true if the string starts with the string-view str; otherwise returns false.

If cs is Qt::CaseSensitive (default), the search is case-sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.10.

See Also▲

This function overloads startsWith().

This function overloads startsWith().

Returns true if the string starts with c; otherwise returns false.

Swaps string other with this string. This operation is very fast and never fails.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.8.

Creates a CFString from a QString. The caller owns the CFString and is responsible for releasing it.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.2.

Returns the case folded equivalent of the string. For most Unicode characters this is the same as toLower().

Returns the string converted to a double value.

Returns an infinity if the conversion overflows or 0.0 if the conversion fails for other reasons (e.g. underflow).

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

QString str = "1234.56";
double val = str.toDouble();   // val == 1234.56

bool ok;
double d;

d = QString( "1234.56e-02" ).toDouble(&ok); // ok == true, d == 12.3456

d = QString( "1234.56e-02 Volt" ).toDouble(&ok); // ok == false, d == 0

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toDouble()

d = QString( "1234,56" ).toDouble(&ok); // ok == false
d = QString( "1234.56" ).toDouble(&ok); // ok == true, d == 1234.56

For historical reasons, this function does not handle thousands group separators. If you need to convert such numbers, use QLocale::toDouble().

d = QString( "1,234,567.89" ).toDouble(&ok); // ok == false
d = QString( "1234567.89" ).toDouble(&ok); // ok == true

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

See Also▲

Returns the string converted to a float value.

Returns an infinity if the conversion overflows or 0.0 if the conversion fails for other reasons (e.g. underflow).

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toFloat()

For historical reasons, this function does not handle thousands group separators. If you need to convert such numbers, use QLocale::toFloat().

Example:

QString str1 = "1234.56";
str1.toFloat();             // returns 1234.56

bool ok;
QString str2 = "R2D2";
str2.toFloat(&ok);          // returns 0.0, sets ok to false

QString str3 = "1234.56 Volt";
str3.toFloat(&ok);          // returns 0.0, sets ok to false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

See Also▲

Converts a plain text string to an HTML string with HTML metacharacters <, >, &, and " replaced by HTML entities.

Example:

QString plain = "#include <QtCore>"
QString html = plain.toHtmlEscaped();
// html == "#include <QtCore>"

This function was introduced in Qt 5.0.

Returns the string converted to an int using base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36, or 0. Returns 0 if the conversion fails.

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

If base is 0, the C language convention is used: If the string begins with "0x", base 16 is used; if the string begins with "0", base 8 is used; otherwise, base 10 is used.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toInt()

Example:

QString str = "FF";
bool ok;
int hex = str.toInt(&ok, 16);       // hex == 255, ok == true
int dec = str.toInt(&ok, 10);       // dec == 0, ok == false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

See Also▲

Returns a Latin-1 representation of the string as a QByteArray.

The returned byte array is undefined if the string contains non-Latin1 characters. Those characters may be suppressed or replaced with a question mark.

See Also▲

Returns the local 8-bit representation of the string as a QByteArray. The returned byte array is undefined if the string contains characters not supported by the local 8-bit encoding.

QTextCodec::codecForLocale() is used to perform the conversion from Unicode. If the locale encoding could not be determined, this function does the same as toLatin1().

If this string contains any characters that cannot be encoded in the locale, the returned byte array is undefined. Those characters may be suppressed or replaced by another.

See Also▲

Returns the string converted to a long using base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36, or 0. Returns 0 if the conversion fails.

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

If base is 0, the C language convention is used: If the string begins with "0x", base 16 is used; if the string begins with "0", base 8 is used; otherwise, base 10 is used.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toLongLong()

Example:

QString str = "FF";
bool ok;

long hex = str.toLong(&ok, 16);     // hex == 255, ok == true
long dec = str.toLong(&ok, 10);     // dec == 0, ok == false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

See Also▲

Returns the string converted to a long long using base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36, or 0. Returns 0 if the conversion fails.

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

If base is 0, the C language convention is used: If the string begins with "0x", base 16 is used; if the string begins with "0", base 8 is used; otherwise, base 10 is used.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toLongLong()

Example:

QString str = "FF";
bool ok;

qint64 hex = str.toLongLong(&ok, 16);      // hex == 255, ok == true
qint64 dec = str.toLongLong(&ok, 10);      // dec == 0, ok == false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

See Also▲

Returns a lowercase copy of the string.

QString str = "The Qt PROJECT";
str = str.toLower();        // str == "the qt project"

The case conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent case folding use QLocale::toLower()

See Also▲

Creates a NSString from a QString. The NSString is autoreleased.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.2.

Returns the string converted to a short using base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36, or 0. Returns 0 if the conversion fails.

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

If base is 0, the C language convention is used: If the string begins with "0x", base 16 is used; if the string begins with "0", base 8 is used; otherwise, base 10 is used.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toShort()

Example:

QString str = "FF";
bool ok;

short hex = str.toShort(&ok, 16);   // hex == 255, ok == true
short dec = str.toShort(&ok, 10);   // dec == 0, ok == false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

See Also▲

Returns a std::string object with the data contained in this QString. The Unicode data is converted into 8-bit characters using the toUtf8() function.

This method is mostly useful to pass a QString to a function that accepts a std::string object.

See Also▲

Returns a std::u16string object with the data contained in this QString. The Unicode data is the same as returned by the utf16() method.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See Also▲

Returns a std::u32string object with the data contained in this QString. The Unicode data is the same as returned by the toUcs4() method.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

See Also▲

Returns a std::wstring object with the data contained in this QString. The std::wstring is encoded in utf16 on platforms where wchar_t is 2 bytes wide (e.g. windows) and in ucs4 on platforms where wchar_t is 4 bytes wide (most Unix systems).

This method is mostly useful to pass a QString to a function that accepts a std::wstring object.

See Also▲

Returns the string converted to an unsigned int using base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36, or 0. Returns 0 if the conversion fails.

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

If base is 0, the C language convention is used: If the string begins with "0x", base 16 is used; if the string begins with "0", base 8 is used; otherwise, base 10 is used.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toUInt()

Example:

QString str = "FF";
bool ok;

uint hex = str.toUInt(&ok, 16);     // hex == 255, ok == true
uint dec = str.toUInt(&ok, 10);     // dec == 0, ok == false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

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Returns the string converted to an unsigned long using base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36, or 0. Returns 0 if the conversion fails.

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

If base is 0, the C language convention is used: If the string begins with "0x", base 16 is used; if the string begins with "0", base 8 is used; otherwise, base 10 is used.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toULongLong()

Example:

QString str = "FF";
bool ok;

ulong hex = str.toULong(&ok, 16);   // hex == 255, ok == true
ulong dec = str.toULong(&ok, 10);   // dec == 0, ok == false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

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Returns the string converted to an unsigned long long using base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36, or 0. Returns 0 if the conversion fails.

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

If base is 0, the C language convention is used: If the string begins with "0x", base 16 is used; if the string begins with "0", base 8 is used; otherwise, base 10 is used.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toULongLong()

Example:

QString str = "FF";
bool ok;

quint64 hex = str.toULongLong(&ok, 16);    // hex == 255, ok == true
quint64 dec = str.toULongLong(&ok, 10);    // dec == 0, ok == false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

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Returns the string converted to an unsigned short using base base, which is 10 by default and must be between 2 and 36, or 0. Returns 0 if the conversion fails.

If ok is not nullptr, failure is reported by setting *ok to false, and success by setting *ok to true.

If base is 0, the C language convention is used: If the string begins with "0x", base 16 is used; if the string begins with "0", base 8 is used; otherwise, base 10 is used.

The string conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent conversion use QLocale::toUShort()

Example:

QString str = "FF";
bool ok;

ushort hex = str.toUShort(&ok, 16);     // hex == 255, ok == true
ushort dec = str.toUShort(&ok, 10);     // dec == 0, ok == false

This function ignores leading and trailing whitespace.

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Returns a UCS-4/UTF-32 representation of the string as a QVector<uint>.

UCS-4 is a Unicode codec and therefore it is lossless. All characters from this string will be encoded in UCS-4. Any invalid sequence of code units in this string is replaced by the Unicode's replacement character (QChar::ReplacementCharacter, which corresponds to U+FFFD).

The returned vector is not NUL terminated.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

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Returns an uppercase copy of the string.

QString str = "TeXt";
str = str.toUpper();        // str == "TEXT"

The case conversion will always happen in the 'C' locale. For locale dependent case folding use QLocale::toUpper()

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Returns a UTF-8 representation of the string as a QByteArray.

UTF-8 is a Unicode codec and can represent all characters in a Unicode string like QString.

See Also▲

Fills the array with the data contained in this QString object. The array is encoded in UTF-16 on platforms where wchar_t is 2 bytes wide (e.g. windows) and in UCS-4 on platforms where wchar_t is 4 bytes wide (most Unix systems).

array has to be allocated by the caller and contain enough space to hold the complete string (allocating the array with the same length as the string is always sufficient).

This function returns the actual length of the string in array.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

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Returns a string that has whitespace removed from the start and the end.

Whitespace means any character for which QChar::isSpace() returns true. This includes the ASCII characters '\t', '\n', '\v', '\f', '\r', and ' '.

Example:

QString str = "  lots\t of\nwhitespace\r\n ";
str = str.trimmed();
// str == "lots\t of\nwhitespace"

Unlike simplified(), trimmed() leaves internal whitespace alone.

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Truncates the string at the given position index.

If the specified position index is beyond the end of the string, nothing happens.

Example:

QString str = "Vladivostok";
str.truncate(4);
// str == "Vlad"

If position is negative, it is equivalent to passing zero.

See Also▲

Returns a Unicode representation of the string. The result remains valid until the string is modified.

See Also▲

Returns the QString as a '\0'-terminated array of unsigned shorts. The result remains valid until the string is modified.

The returned string is in host byte order.

See Also▲

Equivalent method to asprintf(), but takes a va_list ap instead a list of variable arguments. See the asprintf() documentation for an explanation of cformat.

This method does not call the va_end macro, the caller is responsible to call va_end on ap.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.5.

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Returns true if this string is not equal to parameter string other. Otherwise returns false.

This function overloads operator!=().

This function overloads operator!=().

The other const char pointer is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator!=().

The other byte array is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function. If any NUL characters ('\0') are embedded in the byte array, they will be included in the transformation.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator+=().

Appends the character ch to the string.

Appends the string other onto the end of this string and returns a reference to this string.

Example:

QString x = "free";
QString y = "dom";
x += y;
// x == "freedom"

This operation is typically very fast (constant time), because QString preallocates extra space at the end of the string data so it can grow without reallocating the entire string each time.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator+=().

Appends the string section referenced by str to this string.

This function overloads operator+=().

Appends the Latin-1 string str to this string.

This function overloads operator+=().

Appends the string str to this string. The const char pointer is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this function by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator+=().

Appends the byte array ba to this string. The byte array is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function. If any NUL characters ('\0') are embedded in the ba byte array, they will be included in the transformation.

You can disable this function by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator+=().

Appends the character ch to this string. Note that the character is converted to Unicode using the fromLatin1() function, unlike other 8-bit functions that operate on UTF-8 data.

You can disable this function by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator<().

Returns true if this string is lexically less than the parameter string called other; otherwise returns false.

Returns true if this string is lexically less than string other. Otherwise returns false.

This function overloads operator<().

The other const char pointer is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator<().

The other byte array is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function. If any NUL characters ('\0') are embedded in the byte array, they will be included in the transformation.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

Returns true if this string is lexically less than or equal to parameter string other. Otherwise returns false.

This function overloads operator<=().

This function overloads operator<=().

The other const char pointer is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator<=().

The other byte array is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function. If any NUL characters ('\0') are embedded in the byte array, they will be included in the transformation.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

Assigns other to this string and returns a reference to this string.

This function overloads operator=().

Sets the string to contain the single character ch.

This function overloads operator=().

Assigns the Latin-1 string str to this string.

Move-assigns other to this QString instance.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.2.

This function overloads operator=().

Assigns str to this string. The const char pointer is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII or QT_RESTRICTED_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator=().

Assigns ba to this string. The byte array is converted to Unicode using the fromUtf8() function. This function stops conversion at the first NUL character found, or the end of the ba byte array.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator=().

Assigns character ch to this string. Note that the character is converted to Unicode using the fromLatin1() function, unlike other 8-bit functions that operate on UTF-8 data.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator==().

Returns true if this string is equal to other; otherwise returns false.

This function overloads operator==().

The other const char pointer is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator==().

The other byte array is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function. This function stops conversion at the first NUL character found, or the end of the byte array.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

Returns true if this string is lexically equal to the parameter string other. Otherwise returns false.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator>().

Returns true if this string is lexically greater than the parameter string other; otherwise returns false.

This function overloads operator>().

The other const char pointer is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator>().

The other byte array is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function. If any NUL characters ('\0') are embedded in the byte array, they will be included in the transformation.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

Returns true if this string is lexically greater than or equal to parameter string other. Otherwise returns false.

This function overloads operator>=().

This function overloads operator>=().

The other const char pointer is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

This function overloads operator>=().

The other byte array is converted to a QString using the fromUtf8() function. If any NUL characters ('\0') are embedded in the byte array, they will be included in the transformation.

You can disable this operator by defining QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII when you compile your applications. This can be useful if you want to ensure that all user-visible strings go through QObject::tr(), for example.

See Also▲

Returns the character at the specified position in the string as a modifiable reference.

Example:

QString str;

if (str[0] == QChar('?'))
    str[0] = QChar('_');

The return value is of type QCharRef, a helper class for QString. When you get an object of type QCharRef, you can use it as if it were a QChar &. If you assign to it, the assignment will apply to the character in the QString from which you got the reference.

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This function overloads operator[]().

Equivalent to at(position).

This function overloads operator[]().

This function overloads operator[]().

Returns the character at the specified position in the string as a modifiable reference.

Returns true if s1 is not equal to s2; otherwise returns false.

For s1 != 0, this is equivalent to compare( s1, s2 ) != 0. Note that no string is equal to s1 being 0.

Returns a string which is the result of concatenating s1 and s2.

Returns a string which is the result of concatenating s1 and s2 (s2 is converted to Unicode using the QString::fromUtf8() function).

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Returns a string which is the result of concatenating s1 and s2 (s1 is converted to Unicode using the QString::fromUtf8() function).

See Also▲

Returns a string which is the result of concatenating the string s and the character ch.

Returns a string which is the result of concatenating the character ch and the string s.

Returns true if s1 is lexically less than s2; otherwise returns false. For s1 != 0, this is equivalent to compare(s1, s2) < 0.

The comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-interface strings using the QString::localeAwareCompare() function.

Writes the given string to the specified stream.

See Also▲

Returns true if s1 is lexically less than or equal to s2; otherwise returns false. For s1 != 0, this is equivalent to compare(s1, s2) <= 0.

The comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-interface strings with QString::localeAwareCompare().

This function overloads operator==().

Returns true if s1 is equal to s2; otherwise returns false. Note that no string is equal to s1 being 0.

Equivalent to s1 != 0 && compare(s1, s2) == 0.

Returns true if s1 is lexically greater than s2; otherwise returns false. Equivalent to compare(s1, s2) > 0.

The comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-interface strings using the QString::localeAwareCompare() function.

Returns true if s1 is lexically greater than or equal to s2; otherwise returns false. For s1 != 0, this is equivalent to compare(s1, s2) >= 0.

The comparison is based exclusively on the numeric Unicode values of the characters and is very fast, but is not what a human would expect. Consider sorting user-interface strings using the QString::localeAwareCompare() function.

Reads a string from the specified stream into the given string.

See Also▲

The macro generates the data for a QString out of the string literal str at compile time. Creating a QString from it is free in this case, and the generated string data is stored in the read-only segment of the compiled object file.

If you have code that looks like this:

// hasAttribute takes a QString argument
if (node.hasAttribute("http-contents-length")) //...

then a temporary QString will be created to be passed as the hasAttribute function parameter. This can be quite expensive, as it involves a memory allocation and the copy/conversion of the data into QString's internal encoding.

This cost can be avoided by using QStringLiteral instead:

if (node.hasAttribute(QStringLiteral(u"http-contents-length"))) //...

In this case, QString's internal data will be generated at compile time; no conversion or allocation will occur at runtime.

Using QStringLiteral instead of a double quoted plain C++ string literal can significantly speed up creation of QString instances from data known at compile time.

if (attribute.name() == QLatin1String("http-contents-length")) //...

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Disables automatic conversions from 8-bit strings (char *) to unicode QStrings

See Also▲

disables automatic conversion from QString to 8-bit strings (char *)

See Also▲

Defining this macro disables most automatic conversions from source literals and 8-bit data to unicode QStrings, but allows the use of the QChar(char) and QString(const char (&ch)[N] constructors, and the QString::operator=(const char (&ch)[N]) assignment operator giving most of the type-safety benefits of QT_NO_CAST_FROM_ASCII but does not require user code to wrap character and string literals with QLatin1Char, QLatin1String or similar.

Using this macro together with source strings outside the 7-bit range, non-literals, or literals with embedded NUL characters is undefined.

See Also▲

QString &QString::sprintf(const char *cformat, ...)▲

QString &QString::vsprintf(const char *cformat, va_list ap)▲