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QPixmap Class

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QPixmap Class

  • Header: QPixmap

  • CMake:

    find_package(Qt6 REQUIRED COMPONENTS Gui)

    target_link_libraries(mytarget PRIVATE Qt6::Gui)

  • qmake: QT += gui

  • Inherits: QPaintDevice

  • Inherited By: QBitmap

  • Group: QPixmap is part of Painting Classes, shared

Detailed Description

Qt provides four classes for handling image data: QImage, QPixmap, QBitmap and QPicture. QImage is designed and optimized for I/O, and for direct pixel access and manipulation, while QPixmap is designed and optimized for showing images on screen. QBitmap is only a convenience class that inherits QPixmap, ensuring a depth of 1. The isQBitmap() function returns true if a QPixmap object is really a bitmap, otherwise returns false. Finally, the QPicture class is a paint device that records and replays QPainter commands.

A QPixmap can easily be displayed on the screen using QLabel or one of QAbstractButton's subclasses (such as QPushButton and QToolButton). QLabel has a pixmap property, whereas QAbstractButton has an icon property.

QPixmap objects can be passed around by value since the QPixmap class uses implicit data sharing. For more information, see the Implicit Data Sharing documentation. QPixmap objects can also be streamed.

Note that the pixel data in a pixmap is internal and is managed by the underlying window system. Because QPixmap is a QPaintDevice subclass, QPainter can be used to draw directly onto pixmaps. Pixels can only be accessed through QPainter functions or by converting the QPixmap to a QImage. However, the fill() function is available for initializing the entire pixmap with a given color.

There are functions to convert between QImage and QPixmap. Typically, the QImage class is used to load an image file, optionally manipulating the image data, before the QImage object is converted into a QPixmap to be shown on screen. Alternatively, if no manipulation is desired, the image file can be loaded directly into a QPixmap.

QPixmap provides a collection of functions that can be used to obtain a variety of information about the pixmap. In addition, there are several functions that enables transformation of the pixmap.

Reading and Writing Image Files

QPixmap provides several ways of reading an image file: The file can be loaded when constructing the QPixmap object, or by using the load() or loadFromData() functions later on. When loading an image, the file name can either refer to an actual file on disk or to one of the application's embedded resources. See The Qt Resource System overview for details on how to embed images and other resource files in the application's executable.

Simply call the save() function to save a QPixmap object.

The complete list of supported file formats are available through the QImageReader::supportedImageFormats() and QImageWriter::supportedImageFormats() functions. New file formats can be added as plugins. By default, Qt supports the following formats:

Format

Description

Qt's support

BMP

Windows Bitmap

Read/write

GIF

Graphic Interchange Format (optional)

Read

JPG

Joint Photographic Experts Group

Read/write

JPEG

Joint Photographic Experts Group

Read/write

PNG

Portable Network Graphics

Read/write

PBM

Portable Bitmap

Read

PGM

Portable Graymap

Read

PPM

Portable Pixmap

Read/write

XBM

X11 Bitmap

Read/write

XPM

X11 Pixmap

Read/write

Pixmap Information

QPixmap provides a collection of functions that can be used to obtain a variety of information about the pixmap:

 

Available Functions

Geometry

The size(), width() and height() functions provide information about the pixmap's size. The rect() function returns the image's enclosing rectangle.

Alpha component

The hasAlphaChannel() returns true if the pixmap has a format that respects the alpha channel, otherwise returns false. The hasAlpha(), setMask() and mask() functions are legacy and should not be used. They are potentially very slow.

The createHeuristicMask() function creates and returns a 1-bpp heuristic mask (i.e. a QBitmap) for this pixmap. It works by selecting a color from one of the corners and then chipping away pixels of that color, starting at all the edges. The createMaskFromColor() function creates and returns a mask (i.e. a QBitmap) for the pixmap based on a given color.

Low-level information

The depth() function returns the depth of the pixmap. The defaultDepth() function returns the default depth, i.e. the depth used by the application on the given screen.

The cacheKey() function returns a number that uniquely identifies the contents of the QPixmap object.

Pixmap Conversion

A QPixmap object can be converted into a QImage using the toImage() function. Likewise, a QImage can be converted into a QPixmap using the fromImage(). If this is too expensive an operation, you can use QBitmap::fromImage() instead.

To convert a QPixmap to and from HICON you can use the QtWinExtras functions QtWin::toHICON() and QtWin::fromHICON() respectively.

Pixmap Transformations

QPixmap supports a number of functions for creating a new pixmap that is a transformed version of the original:

The scaled(), scaledToWidth() and scaledToHeight() functions return scaled copies of the pixmap, while the copy() function creates a QPixmap that is a plain copy of the original one.

The transformed() function returns a copy of the pixmap that is transformed with the given transformation matrix and transformation mode: Internally, the transformation matrix is adjusted to compensate for unwanted translation, i.e. transformed() returns the smallest pixmap containing all transformed points of the original pixmap. The static trueMatrix() function returns the actual matrix used for transforming the pixmap.

See Also

Member Function Documentation

 

QPixmap::QPixmap()

Constructs a null pixmap.

See Also

See also isNull()

QPixmap::QPixmap(int width, int height)

Constructs a pixmap with the given width and height. If either width or height is zero, a null pixmap is constructed.

This will create a QPixmap with uninitialized data. Call fill() to fill the pixmap with an appropriate color before drawing onto it with QPainter.

See Also

See also isNull()

[explicit] QPixmap::QPixmap(const QSize &size)

This is an overloaded function.

Constructs a pixmap of the given size.

This will create a QPixmap with uninitialized data. Call fill() to fill the pixmap with an appropriate color before drawing onto it with QPainter.

QPixmap::QPixmap(const QString &fileName, const char *format = nullptr, Qt::ImageConversionFlags flags = Qt::AutoColor)

Constructs a pixmap from the file with the given fileName. If the file does not exist or is of an unknown format, the pixmap becomes a null pixmap.

The loader attempts to read the pixmap using the specified format. If the format is not specified (which is the default), the loader probes the file for a header to guess the file format.

The file name can either refer to an actual file on disk or to one of the application's embedded resources. See the Resource System overview for details on how to embed images and other resource files in the application's executable.

If the image needs to be modified to fit in a lower-resolution result (e.g. converting from 32-bit to 8-bit), use the flags to control the conversion.

The fileName, format and flags parameters are passed on to load(). This means that the data in fileName is not compiled into the binary. If fileName contains a relative path (e.g. the filename only) the relevant file must be found relative to the runtime working directory.

See Also

[explicit] QPixmap::QPixmap(const char *const[] xpm)

Constructs a pixmap from the given xpm data, which must be a valid XPM image.

Errors are silently ignored.

Note that it's possible to squeeze the XPM variable a little bit by using an unusual declaration:

 
Sélectionnez
static const char * const start_xpm[] = {
    "16 15 8 1",
    "a c #cec6bd",
    // etc.
};

The extra const makes the entire definition read-only, which is slightly more efficient (for example, when the code is in a shared library) and ROMable when the application is to be stored in ROM.

QPixmap::QPixmap(const QPixmap &pixmap)

Constructs a pixmap that is a copy of the given pixmap.

See Also

See also copy()

QPixmap::QPixmap(QPixmap &&other)

Move-constructs a QPixmap instance from other.

See Also

See also swap(), operator=(QPixmap&&)

[virtual] QPixmap::~QPixmap()

Destroys the pixmap.

qint64 QPixmap::cacheKey() const

Returns a number that identifies this QPixmap. Distinct QPixmap objects can only have the same cache key if they refer to the same contents.

The cacheKey() will change when the pixmap is altered.

bool QPixmap::convertFromImage(const QImage &image, Qt::ImageConversionFlags flags = Qt::AutoColor)

Replaces this pixmap's data with the given image using the specified flags to control the conversion. The flags argument is a bitwise-OR of the Qt::ImageConversionFlags. Passing 0 for flags sets all the default options. Returns true if the result is that this pixmap is not null.

Note: this function was part of Qt 3 support in Qt 4.6 and earlier. It has been promoted to official API status in 4.7 to support updating the pixmap's image without creating a new QPixmap as fromImage() would.

See Also

See also fromImage()

QPixmap QPixmap::copy(const QRect &rectangle = QRect()) const

Returns a deep copy of the subset of the pixmap that is specified by the given rectangle. For more information on deep copies, see the Implicit Data Sharing documentation.

If the given rectangle is empty, the whole image is copied.

See Also

QPixmap QPixmap::copy(int x, int y, int width, int height) const

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a deep copy of the subset of the pixmap that is specified by the rectangle QRect( x, y, width, height).

QBitmap QPixmap::createHeuristicMask(bool clipTight = true) const

Creates and returns a heuristic mask for this pixmap.

The function works by selecting a color from one of the corners and then chipping away pixels of that color, starting at all the edges. If clipTight is true (the default) the mask is just large enough to cover the pixels; otherwise, the mask is larger than the data pixels.

The mask may not be perfect but it should be reasonable, so you can do things such as the following:

 
Sélectionnez
QPixmap myPixmap;
myPixmap.setMask(myPixmap.createHeuristicMask());

This function is slow because it involves converting to/from a QImage, and non-trivial computations.

See Also

QBitmap QPixmap::createMaskFromColor(const QColor &maskColor, Qt::MaskMode mode = Qt::MaskInColor) const

Creates and returns a mask for this pixmap based on the given maskColor. If the mode is Qt::MaskInColor, all pixels matching the maskColor will be transparent. If mode is Qt::MaskOutColor, all pixels matching the maskColor will be opaque.

This function is slow because it involves converting to/from a QImage.

See Also

[static] int QPixmap::defaultDepth()

Returns the default pixmap depth used by the application.

On all platforms the depth of the primary screen will be returned.

QGuiApplication must be created before calling this function.

See Also

int QPixmap::depth() const

Returns the depth of the pixmap.

The pixmap depth is also called bits per pixel (bpp) or bit planes of a pixmap. A null pixmap has depth 0.

See Also

void QPixmap::detach()

Detaches the pixmap from shared pixmap data.

A pixmap is automatically detached by Qt whenever its contents are about to change. This is done in almost all QPixmap member functions that modify the pixmap (fill(), fromImage(), load(), etc.), and in QPainter::begin() on a pixmap.

There are two exceptions in which detach() must be called explicitly, that is when calling the handle() or the x11PictureHandle() function (only available on X11). Otherwise, any modifications done using system calls, will be performed on the shared data.

The detach() function returns immediately if there is just a single reference or if the pixmap has not been initialized yet.

[since 6.2] QSizeF QPixmap::deviceIndependentSize() const

Returns the size of the pixmap in device independent pixels.

This value should be used when using the pixmap size in user interface size calculations.

The return value is equivalent to pixmap.size() / pixmap.devicePixelRatio().

This function was introduced in Qt 6.2.

qreal QPixmap::devicePixelRatio() const

Returns the device pixel ratio for the pixmap. This is the ratio between device pixels and device independent pixels.

Use this function when calculating layout geometry based on the pixmap size: QSize layoutSize = image.size() / image.devicePixelRatio()

The default value is 1.0.

See Also

void QPixmap::fill(const QColor &color = Qt::white)

Fills the pixmap with the given color.

The effect of this function is undefined when the pixmap is being painted on.

See Also

[static] QPixmap QPixmap::fromImage(const QImage &image, Qt::ImageConversionFlags flags = Qt::AutoColor)

Converts the given image to a pixmap using the specified flags to control the conversion. The flags argument is a bitwise-OR of the Qt::ImageConversionFlags. Passing 0 for flags sets all the default options.

In case of monochrome and 8-bit images, the image is first converted to a 32-bit pixmap and then filled with the colors in the color table. If this is too expensive an operation, you can use QBitmap::fromImage() instead.

See Also

[static, since 5.3] QPixmap QPixmap::fromImage(QImage &&image, Qt::ImageConversionFlags flags = Qt::AutoColor)

This is an overloaded function.

Converts the given image to a pixmap without copying if possible.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.3.

[static] QPixmap QPixmap::fromImageReader(QImageReader *imageReader, Qt::ImageConversionFlags flags = Qt::AutoColor)

Create a QPixmap from an image read directly from an imageReader. The flags argument is a bitwise-OR of the Qt::ImageConversionFlags. Passing 0 for flags sets all the default options.

On some systems, reading an image directly to QPixmap can use less memory than reading a QImage to convert it to QPixmap.

See Also

bool QPixmap::hasAlpha() const

Returns true if this pixmap has an alpha channel, or has a mask, otherwise returns false.

See Also

See also hasAlphaChannel(), mask()

bool QPixmap::hasAlphaChannel() const

Returns true if the pixmap has a format that respects the alpha channel, otherwise returns false.

See Also

See also hasAlpha()

int QPixmap::height() const

Returns the height of the pixmap.

See Also

See also size(), Pixmap Information

bool QPixmap::isNull() const

Returns true if this is a null pixmap; otherwise returns false.

A null pixmap has zero width, zero height and no contents. You cannot draw in a null pixmap.

bool QPixmap::isQBitmap() const

Returns true if this is a QBitmap; otherwise returns false.

bool QPixmap::load(const QString &fileName, const char *format = nullptr, Qt::ImageConversionFlags flags = Qt::AutoColor)

Loads a pixmap from the file with the given fileName. Returns true if the pixmap was successfully loaded; otherwise invalidates the pixmap and returns false.

The loader attempts to read the pixmap using the specified format. If the format is not specified (which is the default), the loader probes the file for a header to guess the file format.

The file name can either refer to an actual file on disk or to one of the application's embedded resources. See the Resource System overview for details on how to embed pixmaps and other resource files in the application's executable.

If the data needs to be modified to fit in a lower-resolution result (e.g. converting from 32-bit to 8-bit), use the flags to control the conversion.

Note that QPixmaps are automatically added to the QPixmapCache when loaded from a file in main thread; the key used is internal and cannot be acquired.

See Also

bool QPixmap::loadFromData(const uchar *data, uint len, const char *format = nullptr, Qt::ImageConversionFlags flags = Qt::AutoColor)

Loads a pixmap from the len first bytes of the given binary data. Returns true if the pixmap was loaded successfully; otherwise invalidates the pixmap and returns false.

The loader attempts to read the pixmap using the specified format. If the format is not specified (which is the default), the loader probes the file for a header to guess the file format.

If the data needs to be modified to fit in a lower-resolution result (e.g. converting from 32-bit to 8-bit), use the flags to control the conversion.

See Also

bool QPixmap::loadFromData(const QByteArray &data, const char *format = nullptr, Qt::ImageConversionFlags flags = Qt::AutoColor)

This is an overloaded function.

Loads a pixmap from the binary data using the specified format and conversion flags.

QBitmap QPixmap::mask() const

Extracts a bitmap mask from the pixmap's alpha channel.

This is potentially an expensive operation. The mask of the pixmap is extracted dynamically from the pixeldata.

See Also

QRect QPixmap::rect() const

Returns the pixmap's enclosing rectangle.

See Also

bool QPixmap::save(const QString &fileName, const char *format = nullptr, int quality = -1) const

Saves the pixmap to the file with the given fileName using the specified image file format and quality factor. Returns true if successful; otherwise returns false.

The quality factor must be in the range [0,100] or -1. Specify 0 to obtain small compressed files, 100 for large uncompressed files, and -1 to use the default settings.

If format is nullptr, an image format will be chosen from fileName's suffix.

See Also

bool QPixmap::save(QIODevice *device, const char *format = nullptr, int quality = -1) const

This is an overloaded function.

This function writes a QPixmap to the given device using the specified image file format and quality factor. This can be used, for example, to save a pixmap directly into a QByteArray:

 
Sélectionnez
QPixmap pixmap;
QByteArray bytes;
QBuffer buffer(&bytes);
buffer.open(QIODevice::WriteOnly);
pixmap.save(&buffer, "PNG"); // writes pixmap into bytes in PNG format

QPixmap QPixmap::scaled(const QSize &size, Qt::AspectRatioMode aspectRatioMode = Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio, Qt::TransformationMode transformMode = Qt::FastTransformation) const

Scales the pixmap to the given size, using the aspect ratio and transformation modes specified by aspectRatioMode and transformMode.

Image non disponible
  • If aspectRatioMode is Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio, the pixmap is scaled to size.

  • If aspectRatioMode is Qt::KeepAspectRatio, the pixmap is scaled to a rectangle as large as possible inside size, preserving the aspect ratio.

  • If aspectRatioMode is Qt::KeepAspectRatioByExpanding, the pixmap is scaled to a rectangle as small as possible outside size, preserving the aspect ratio.

If the given size is empty, this function returns a null pixmap.

In some cases it can be more beneficial to draw the pixmap to a painter with a scale set rather than scaling the pixmap. This is the case when the painter is for instance based on OpenGL or when the scale factor changes rapidly.

See Also

QPixmap QPixmap::scaled(int width, int height, Qt::AspectRatioMode aspectRatioMode = Qt::IgnoreAspectRatio, Qt::TransformationMode transformMode = Qt::FastTransformation) const

This is an overloaded function.

Returns a copy of the pixmap scaled to a rectangle with the given width and height according to the given aspectRatioMode and transformMode.

If either the width or the height is zero or negative, this function returns a null pixmap.

QPixmap QPixmap::scaledToHeight(int height, Qt::TransformationMode mode = Qt::FastTransformation) const

Returns a scaled copy of the image. The returned image is scaled to the given height using the specified transformation mode. The width of the pixmap is automatically calculated so that the aspect ratio of the pixmap is preserved.

If height is 0 or negative, a null pixmap is returned.

See Also

QPixmap QPixmap::scaledToWidth(int width, Qt::TransformationMode mode = Qt::FastTransformation) const

Returns a scaled copy of the image. The returned image is scaled to the given width using the specified transformation mode. The height of the pixmap is automatically calculated so that the aspect ratio of the pixmap is preserved.

If width is 0 or negative, a null pixmap is returned.

See Also

void QPixmap::scroll(int dx, int dy, int x, int y, int width, int height, QRegion *exposed = nullptr)

This convenience function is equivalent to calling QPixmap::scroll(dx, dy, QRect(x, y, width, height), exposed).

See Also

void QPixmap::scroll(int dx, int dy, const QRect &rect, QRegion *exposed = nullptr)

Scrolls the area rect of this pixmap by (dx, dy). The exposed region is left unchanged. You can optionally pass a pointer to an empty QRegion to get the region that is exposed by the scroll operation.

 
Sélectionnez
QPixmap pixmap("background.png");
QRegion exposed;
pixmap.scroll(10, 10, pixmap.rect(), &exposed);

You cannot scroll while there is an active painter on the pixmap.

See Also

void QPixmap::setDevicePixelRatio(qreal scaleFactor)

Sets the device pixel ratio for the pixmap. This is the ratio between image pixels and device-independent pixels.

The default scaleFactor is 1.0. Setting it to something else has two effects:

QPainters that are opened on the pixmap will be scaled. For example, painting on a 200x200 image if with a ratio of 2.0 will result in effective (device-independent) painting bounds of 100x100.

Code paths in Qt that calculate layout geometry based on the pixmap size will take the ratio into account: QSize layoutSize = pixmap.size() / pixmap.devicePixelRatio() The net effect of this is that the pixmap is displayed as high-DPI pixmap rather than a large pixmap (see Drawing High Resolution Versions of Pixmaps and Images).

See Also

void QPixmap::setMask(const QBitmap &mask)

Sets a mask bitmap.

This function merges the mask with the pixmap's alpha channel. A pixel value of 1 on the mask means the pixmap's pixel is unchanged; a value of 0 means the pixel is transparent. The mask must have the same size as this pixmap.

Setting a null mask resets the mask, leaving the previously transparent pixels black. The effect of this function is undefined when the pixmap is being painted on.

This is potentially an expensive operation.

See Also

QSize QPixmap::size() const

Returns the size of the pixmap.

See Also

void QPixmap::swap(QPixmap &other)

Swaps pixmap other with this pixmap. This operation is very fast and never fails.

QImage QPixmap::toImage() const

Converts the pixmap to a QImage. Returns a null image if the conversion fails.

If the pixmap has 1-bit depth, the returned image will also be 1 bit deep. Images with more bits will be returned in a format closely represents the underlying system. Usually this will be QImage::Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied for pixmaps with an alpha and QImage::Format_RGB32 or QImage::Format_RGB16 for pixmaps without alpha.

Note that for the moment, alpha masks on monochrome images are ignored.

See Also

See also fromImage(), Image Formats

QPixmap QPixmap::transformed(const QTransform &transform, Qt::TransformationMode mode = Qt::FastTransformation) const

Returns a copy of the pixmap that is transformed using the given transformation transform and transformation mode. The original pixmap is not changed.

The transformation transform is internally adjusted to compensate for unwanted translation; i.e. the pixmap produced is the smallest pixmap that contains all the transformed points of the original pixmap. Use the trueMatrix() function to retrieve the actual matrix used for transforming the pixmap.

This function is slow because it involves transformation to a QImage, non-trivial computations and a transformation back to a QPixmap.

See Also

[static] QTransform QPixmap::trueMatrix(const QTransform &matrix, int width, int height)

Returns the actual matrix used for transforming a pixmap with the given width, height and matrix.

When transforming a pixmap using the transformed() function, the transformation matrix is internally adjusted to compensate for unwanted translation, i.e. transformed() returns the smallest pixmap containing all transformed points of the original pixmap. This function returns the modified matrix, which maps points correctly from the original pixmap into the new pixmap.

See Also

int QPixmap::width() const

Returns the width of the pixmap.

See Also

See also size(), Pixmap Information

QVariant QPixmap::operator QVariant() const

Returns the pixmap as a QVariant.

bool QPixmap::operator!() const

Returns true if this is a null pixmap; otherwise returns false.

See Also

See also isNull()

QPixmap &QPixmap::operator=(const QPixmap &pixmap)

Assigns the given pixmap to this pixmap and returns a reference to this pixmap.

See Also

See also copy(), QPixmap()

[since 5.2] QPixmap &QPixmap::operator=(QPixmap &&other)

Move-assigns other to this QPixmap instance.

This function was introduced in Qt 5.2.

Related Non-Members

 

QDataStream &operator<<(QDataStream &stream, const QPixmap &pixmap)

Writes the given pixmap to the given stream as a PNG image. Note that writing the stream to a file will not produce a valid image file.

See Also

QDataStream &operator>>(QDataStream &stream, QPixmap &pixmap)

Reads an image from the given stream into the given pixmap.

See Also

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