QtFuture Namespace

The QtFuture::WhenAnyResult<T> struct is used for packaging the copy and the index of the first completed QFuture<T> in the sequence of futures packaging type T that are passed to QtFuture::whenAny().

This struct was introduced in Qt 6.3.

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Represents execution policies for running a QFuture continuation.

Sync is used as a default launch policy.

This enum was introduced or modified in Qt 6.0.

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Creates and returns a QFuture which will become available when the sender emits the signal. If the signal takes no arguments, a QFuture<void> is returned. If the signal takes a single argument, the resulted QFuture will be filled with the signal's argument value. If the signal takes multiple arguments, the resulted QFuture is filled with std::tuple storing the values of signal's arguments. If the sender is destroyed before the signal is emitted, the resulted QFuture will be canceled.

For example, let's say we have the following object:

class Object : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
    ...
signals:
    void noArgSignal();
    void singleArgSignal(int value);
    void multipleArgs(int value1, double value2, const QString &value3);
};

We can connect its signals to QFuture objects in the following way:

Object object;
QFuture<void> voidFuture = QtFuture::connect(&object, &Object::noArgSignal);
QFuture<int> intFuture = QtFuture::connect(&object, &Object::singleArgSignal);

using Args = std::tuple<int, double, QString>;
QFuture<Args> tupleFuture = QtFuture::connect(&object, &Object::multipleArgs)

We can also chain continuations to be run when a signal is emitted:

QtFuture::connect(&object, &Object::singleArgSignal).then([](int value) {
    // do something with the value
});

You can also start the continuation in a new thread or a custom thread pool using QtFuture::Launch policies. For example:

QtFuture::connect(&object, &Object::singleArgSignal).then(QtFuture::Launch::Async, [](int value) {
    // this will run in a new thread
});

Throwing an exception from a slot invoked by Qt's signal-slot connection is considered to be an undefined behavior, if it is not handled within the slot. But with QFuture::connect(), you can throw and handle exceptions from the continuations:

QtFuture::connect(&object, &Object::singleArgSignal).then([](int value) {
    ...
    throw std::exception();
    ...
}).onFailed([](const std::exception &e) {
    // handle the exception
}).onFailed([] {
    // handle other exceptions
});

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Creates and returns a QFuture which already has an exception exception.

QException e;
auto f = QtFuture::makeExceptionalFuture<int>(e);
...
try {
    f.result(); // throws QException
} catch (QException &) {
    // handle exception here
}

This function was introduced in Qt 6.1.

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This is an overloaded function.

Creates and returns a QFuture which already has an exception exception.

struct TestException
{
};
...
auto exception = std::make_exception_ptr(TestException());
auto f = QtFuture::makeExceptionalFuture<int>(exception);
...
try {
    f.result(); // throws TestException
} catch (TestException &) {
    // handle exception here
}

This function was introduced in Qt 6.1.

See Also▲

This is an overloaded function.

Creates and returns a QFuture which already has a result value. The returned QFuture has a type of std::decay_t<T>, where T is not void.

auto f = QtFuture::makeReadyFuture(std::make_unique<int>(42));
...
const int result = *f.takeResult(); // result == 42

This function was introduced in Qt 6.1.

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This is an overloaded function.

Creates and returns a void QFuture. Such QFuture can't store any result. One can use it to query the state of the computation. The returned QFuture will always be in the finished state.

auto f = QtFuture::makeReadyFuture();
...
const bool started = f.isStarted(); // started == true
const bool running = f.isRunning(); // running == false
const bool finished = f.isFinished(); // finished == true

This function was introduced in Qt 6.1.

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This is an overloaded function.

Creates and returns a QFuture which already has multiple results set from values.

const QList<int> values { 1, 2, 3 };
auto f = QtFuture::makeReadyFuture(values);
...
const int count = f.resultCount(); // count == 3
const auto results = f.results(); // results == { 1, 2, 3 }

This function was introduced in Qt 6.1.

See Also▲

Returns a new QFuture that succeeds when all futures from first to last complete. first and last are iterators to a sequence of futures packaging type T. OutputSequence is a sequence containing all completed futures from first to last, appearing in the same order as in the input. If the type of OutputSequence is not specified, the resulting futures will be returned in a QList of QFuture<T>. For example:

QList<QFuture<int>> inputFutures {...};

// whenAll has type QFuture<QList<QFuture<int>>>
auto whenAll = QtFuture::whenAll(inputFutures.begin(), inputFutures.end());

// whenAllVector has type QFuture<std::vector<QFuture<int>>>
auto whenAllVector =
        QtFuture::whenAll<std::vector<QFuture<int>>>(inputFutures.begin(), inputFutures.end());

If first equals last, this function returns a ready QFuture that contains an empty OutputSequence.

The returned future always completes successfully after all the specified futures complete. It doesn't matter if any of these futures completes with error or is canceled. You can use .then() to process the completed futures after the future returned by whenAll() succeeds:

QList<QFuture<int>> inputFutures {...};

QtFuture::whenAll(inputFutures.begin(), inputFutures.end())
        .then([](const QList<QFuture<int>> &results) {
            for (auto future : results) {
                if (future.isCanceled())
                    // handle the cancellation (possibly due to an exception)
                else
                    // do something with the result
            }
        });

This function was introduced in Qt 6.3.

Returns a new QFuture that succeeds when all futures packaging arbitrary types complete. OutputSequence is a sequence of completed futures. The type of its entries is std::variant<Futures...>. For each QFuture<T> passed to whenAll(), the entry at the corresponding position in OutputSequence will be a std::variant holding that QFuture<T>, in its completed state. If the type of OutputSequence is not specified, the resulting futures will be returned in a QList of std::variant<Futures...>. For example:

QFuture<int> intFuture = ...;
QFuture<QString> stringFuture = ...;
QFuture<void> voidFuture = ...;

using FuturesVariant = std::variant<QFuture<int>, QFuture<QString>, QFuture<void>>;

// whenAll has type QFuture<QList<FuturesVariant>>
auto whenAll = QtFuture::whenAll(intFuture, stringFuture, voidFuture);

// whenAllVector has type QFuture<std::vector<FuturesVariant>>
auto whenAllVector =
        QtFuture::whenAll<std::vector<FuturesVariant>>(intFuture, stringFuture, voidFuture);

The returned future always completes successfully after all the specified futures complete. It doesn't matter if any of these futures completes with error or is canceled. You can use .then() to process the completed futures after the future returned by whenAll() succeeds:

QFuture<int> intFuture = ...;
QFuture<QString> stringFuture = ...;
QFuture<void> voidFuture = ...;

using FuturesVariant = std::variant<QFuture<int>, QFuture<QString>, QFuture<void>>;

QtFuture::whenAll(intFuture, stringFuture, voidFuture)
        .then([](const QList<FuturesVariant> &results) {
            ...
            for (auto result : results)
            {
                // assuming handleResult() is overloaded based on the QFuture type
                std::visit([](auto &&future) { handleResult(future); }, result);
            }
            ...
        });

This function was introduced in Qt 6.3.

Returns a new QFuture that succeeds when any of the futures from first to last completes. first and last are iterators to a sequence of futures packaging type T. The returned future packages a value of type QtFuture::WhenAnyResult<T> which in turn packages the index of the first completed QFuture and the QFuture itself. If first equals last, this function returns a ready QFuture that has -1 for the index field in the QtFuture::WhenAnyResult struct and a default-constructed QFuture<T> for the future field. Note that a default-constructed QFuture is a completed future in a cancelled state.

The returned future always completes successfully after the first future from the specified futures completes. It doesn't matter if the first future completes with error or is canceled. You can use .then() to process the result after the future returned by whenAny() succeeds:

QList<QFuture<int>> inputFutures = ...;

QtFuture::whenAny(inputFutures.begin(), inputFutures.end())
        .then([](const QtFuture::WhenAnyResult<int> &result) {
            qsizetype index = result.index;
            QFuture<int> future = result.future;
            // ...
        });

This function was introduced in Qt 6.3.

See Also▲

Returns a new QFuture that succeeds when any of the futures completes. futures can package arbitrary types. The returned future packages the value of type std::variant<Futures...> which in turn packages the first completed QFuture from futures. You can use std::variant::index() to find out the index of the future in the sequence of futures that finished first.

The returned future always completes successfully after the first future from the specified futures completes. It doesn't matter if the first future completes with error or is canceled. You can use .then() to process the result after the future returned by whenAny() succeeds:

QFuture<int> intFuture = ...;
QFuture<QString> stringFuture = ...;
QFuture<void> voidFuture = ...;

using FuturesVariant = std::variant<QFuture<int>, QFuture<QString>, QFuture<void>>;

QtFuture::whenAny(intFuture, stringFuture, voidFuture).then([](const FuturesVariant &result) {
    ...
    // assuming handleResult() is overloaded based on the QFuture type
    std::visit([](auto &&future) { handleResult(future); }, result);
    ...
});

This function was introduced in Qt 6.3.