Detailed Description
The Q3MemArray class is a template class that provides arrays of simple types.
Q3MemArray is implemented as a template class. Define a template instance Q3MemArray<X> to create an array that contains X items.
Q3MemArray stores the array elements directly in the array. It can only deal with simple types (i.e. C++ types, structs, and classes that have no constructors, destructors, or virtual functions). Q3MemArray uses bitwise operations to copy and compare array elements.
The Q3PtrVector collection class is also a kind of array. Like most old Qt collection classes, it uses pointers to the contained items.
Q3MemArray uses explicit sharing with a reference count. If more than one array shares common data and one of the arrays is modified, all the arrays are modified.
The benefit of sharing is that a program does not need to duplicate data when it is not required, which results in lower memory use and less copying of data.
Example:
#include <qmemarray.h>
#include <stdio.h>
Q3MemArray<int> fib( int num ) // returns fibonacci array
{
Q_ASSERT( num > 2 );
Q3MemArray<int> f( num ); // array of ints
f[0] = f[1] = 1;
for ( int i = 2; i < num; i++ )
f[i] = f[i-1] + f[i-2];
return f;
}
int main()
{
Q3MemArray<int> a = fib( 6 ); // get first 6 fibonaccis
for ( int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++ )
qDebug( "%d: %d", i, a[i] );
qDebug( "1 is found %d times", a.contains(1) );
qDebug( "5 is found at index %d", a.find(5) );
return 0;
}
Program output:
0: 1
1: 1
2: 2
3: 3
4: 5
5: 8
1 is found 2 times
5 is found at index 4
Note concerning the use of Q3MemArray for manipulating structs or classes: Compilers will often pad the size of structs of odd sizes up to the nearest word boundary. This will then be the size Q3MemArray will use for its bitwise element comparisons. Because the remaining bytes will typically be uninitialized, this can cause find() etc. to fail to find the element. Example:
// MyStruct may be padded to 4 or 8 bytes
struct MyStruct
{
short i; // 2 bytes
char c; // 1 byte
};
Q3MemArray<MyStruct> a(1);
a[0].i = 5;
a[0].c = 't';
MyStruct x;
x.i = '5';
x.c = 't';
int i = a.find( x ); // may return -1 if the pad bytes differ
To work around this, make sure that you use a struct where sizeof() returns the same as the sum of the sizes of the members either by changing the types of the struct members or by adding dummy members.
Q3MemArray data can be traversed by iterators (see begin() and end()). The number of items is returned by count(). The array can be resized with resize() and filled using fill().
You can make a shallow copy of the array with assign() (or operator=()) and a deep copy with duplicate().
Search for values in the array with find() and contains(). For sorted arrays (see sort()) you can search using bsearch().
You can set the data directly using setRawData() and resetRawData(), although this requires care.
Member Type Documentation
typedef Q3MemArray::ConstIterator
A const Q3MemArray iterator.
See also begin() and end().
typedef Q3MemArray::Iterator
A Q3MemArray iterator.
See also begin() and end().
Member Function Documentation
Q3MemArray::Q3MemArray ( int arg1, int arg2 ) [protected]
Constructs an array without allocating array space. The arguments arg1 and arg2 should be zero. Use at your own risk.
Q3MemArray::Q3MemArray ()
Constructs a null array.
See also isNull().
Q3MemArray::Q3MemArray ( int size )
Constructs an array with room for size elements. Makes a null array if size == 0.
The elements are left uninitialized.
See also resize() and isNull().
Q3MemArray::Q3MemArray ( const Q3MemArray<type> & a )
Constructs a shallow copy of a.
See also assign().
Q3MemArray::Q3MemArray ( const QVector<type> & vector )
Constructs a copy of vector.
Q3MemArray::~Q3MemArray ()
Dereferences the array data and deletes it if this was the last reference.
Q3MemArray<type> & Q3MemArray::assign ( const Q3MemArray<type> & a )
Shallow copy. Dereferences the current array and references the data contained in a instead. Returns a reference to this array.
See also operator=().
Q3MemArray<type> & Q3MemArray::assign ( const type * data, uint size )
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Shallow copy. Dereferences the current array and references the array data data, which contains size elements. Returns a reference to this array.
Do not delete data later; Q3MemArray will call free() on it at the right time.
type & Q3MemArray::at ( uint index ) const
Returns a reference to the element at position index in the array.
This can be used to both read and set an element.
See also operator[]().
Iterator Q3MemArray::begin ()
Returns an iterator pointing at the beginning of this array. This iterator can be used in the same way as the iterators of Q3ValueList and QMap, for example.
ConstIterator Q3MemArray::begin () const
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Returns a const iterator pointing at the beginning of this array. This iterator can be used in the same way as the iterators of Q3ValueList and QMap, for example.
int Q3MemArray::bsearch ( const type & v ) const
In a sorted array (as sorted by sort()), finds the first occurrence of v by using a binary search. For a sorted array this is generally much faster than find(), which does a linear search.
Returns the position of v, or -1 if v could not be found.
See also sort() and find().
int Q3MemArray::contains ( const type & v ) const
Returns the number of times v occurs in the array.
See also find().
Q3MemArray<type> Q3MemArray::copy () const
Returns a deep copy of this array.
See also detach() and duplicate().
uint Q3MemArray::count () const
Returns the same as size().
See also size().
type * Q3MemArray::data () const
Returns a pointer to the actual array data.
The array is a null array if data() == 0 (null pointer).
See also isNull().
void Q3MemArray::detach () [virtual]
Detaches this array from shared array data; i.e. it makes a private, deep copy of the data.
Copying will be performed only if the reference count is greater than one.
See also copy().
Q3MemArray<type> & Q3MemArray::duplicate ( const Q3MemArray<type> & a )
Deep copy. Dereferences the current array and obtains a copy of the data contained in a instead. Returns a reference to this array.
See also copy().
Q3MemArray<type> & Q3MemArray::duplicate ( const type * data, uint size )
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Deep copy. Dereferences the current array and obtains a copy of the array data data instead. Returns a reference to this array. The size of the array is given by size.
See also copy().
Iterator Q3MemArray::end ()
Returns an iterator pointing behind the last element of this array. This iterator can be used in the same way as the iterators of Q3ValueList and QMap, for example.
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Returns a const iterator pointing behind the last element of this array. This iterator can be used in the same way as the iterators of Q3ValueList and QMap, for example.
bool Q3MemArray::fill ( const type & v, int size = -1 )
Fills the array with the value v. If size is specified as different from -1, then the array will be resized before being filled.
Returns TRUE if successful, i.e. if size is -1, or size is != -1 and the memory can be allocated; otherwise returns FALSE.
See also resize().
int Q3MemArray::find ( const type & v, uint index = 0 ) const
Finds the first occurrence of v, starting at position index.
Returns the position of v, or -1 if v could not be found.
See also contains().
bool Q3MemArray::isEmpty () const
Returns TRUE if the array is empty; otherwise returns FALSE.
isEmpty() is equivalent to isNull() for Q3MemArray (unlike QString).
bool Q3MemArray::isNull () const
Returns TRUE if the array is null; otherwise returns FALSE.
A null array has size() == 0 and data() == 0.
uint Q3MemArray::nrefs () const
Returns the reference count for the shared array data. This reference count is always greater than zero.
void Q3MemArray::resetRawData ( const type * data, uint size )
Removes internal references to the raw data that was set using setRawData(). This means that Q3MemArray no longer has access to the data, so you are free to manipulate data as you wish. You can now use the Q3MemArray without affecting the original data, for example by calling setRawData() with a pointer to some other data.
The arguments must be the data and length, size, that were passed to setRawData(). This is for consistency checking.
See also setRawData().
bool Q3MemArray::resize ( uint size, Optimization optim )
Resizes (expands or shrinks) the array to size elements. The array becomes a null array if size == 0.
Returns TRUE if successful, or FALSE if the memory cannot be allocated.
New elements are not initialized.
optim is either Q3GArray::MemOptim (the default) or Q3GArray::SpeedOptim. When optimizing for speed rather than memory consumption, the array uses a smart grow and shrink algorithm that might allocate more memory than is actually needed for size elements. This speeds up subsequent resize operations, for example when appending many elements to an array, since the space has already been allocated.
See also size().
bool Q3MemArray::resize ( uint size )
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Resizes (expands or shrinks) the array to size elements. The array becomes a null array if size == 0.
Returns TRUE if successful, i.e. if the memory can be allocated; otherwise returns FALSE.
New elements are not initialized.
See also size().
Q3MemArray<type> & Q3MemArray::setRawData ( const type * data, uint size )
Sets raw data and returns a reference to the array.
Dereferences the current array and sets the new array data to data and the new array size to size. Do not attempt to resize or re-assign the array data when raw data has been set. Call resetRawData(data, size) to reset the array.
Setting raw data is useful because it sets Q3MemArray data without allocating memory or copying data.
Example I (intended use):
static char bindata[] = { 231, 1, 44, ... };
QByteArray a;
a.setRawData( bindata, sizeof(bindata) ); // a points to bindata
QDataStream s( a, IO_ReadOnly ); // open on a's data
s >> <something>; // read raw bindata
a.resetRawData( bindata, sizeof(bindata) ); // finished
Example II (you don't want to do this):
static char bindata[] = { 231, 1, 44, ... };
QByteArray a, b;
a.setRawData( bindata, sizeof(bindata) ); // a points to bindata
a.resize( 8 ); // will crash
b = a; // will crash
a[2] = 123; // might crash
// forget to resetRawData: will crash
Warning: If you do not call resetRawData(), Q3MemArray will attempt to deallocate or reallocate the raw data, which might not be too good. Be careful.
See also resetRawData().
uint Q3MemArray::size () const
Returns the size of the array (maximum number of elements).
The array is a null array if size() == 0.
See also isNull() and resize().
void Q3MemArray::sort ()
Sorts the array elements in ascending order, using bitwise comparison (memcmp()).
See also bsearch().
bool Q3MemArray::truncate ( uint pos )
Truncates the array at position pos.
Returns TRUE if successful, i.e. if the memory can be allocated; otherwise returns FALSE.
Equivalent to resize(pos).
See also resize().
Q3MemArray::operator QVector<type> () const
Automatically converts the Q3MemArray<type> into a QVector<type>.
Q3MemArray::operator const type * () const
Cast operator. Returns a pointer to the array.
See also data().
bool Q3MemArray::operator!= ( const Q3MemArray<type> & a ) const
Returns TRUE if this array is different from a; otherwise returns FALSE.
The two arrays are compared bitwise.
See also operator==().
Q3MemArray<type> & Q3MemArray::operator= ( const Q3MemArray<type> & a )
Assigns a shallow copy of a to this array and returns a reference to this array.
Equivalent to assign( a ).
bool Q3MemArray::operator== ( const Q3MemArray<type> & a ) const
Returns TRUE if this array is equal to a; otherwise returns FALSE.
The two arrays are compared bitwise.
See also operator!=().
type & Q3MemArray::operator[] ( int index ) const
Returns a reference to the element at position index in the array.
This can be used to both read and set an element. Equivalent to at().
See also at().
