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QColor Class Reference |
 |  |  |
| RGB | HSV | CMYK |
|---|
The QColor constructor creates the color based on RGB values. To create a QColor based on either HSV or CMYK values, use the toHsv() and toCmyk() functions respectively. These functions return a copy of the color using the desired format. In addition the static fromRgb(), fromHsv() and fromCmyk() functions create colors from the specified values. Alternatively, a color can be converted to any of the three formats using the convertTo() function (returning a copy of the color in the desired format), or any of the setRgb(), setHsv() and setCmyk() functions altering this color's format. The spec() function tells how the color was specified.
A color can be set by passing an RGB string (such as "#112233"), or a color name (such as "blue"), to the setNamedColor() function. The color names are taken from the SVG 1.0 color names. The name() function returns the name of the color in the format #AARRGGBB. Colors can also be set using setRgb(), setHsv() and setCmyk(). To get a lighter or darker color use the light() and dark() functions respectively.
The isValid() function indicates whether a QColor is legal at all. For example, a RGB color with RGB values out of range is illegal. For performance reasons, QColor mostly disregards illegal colors, and for that reason, the result of using an invalid color is undefined.
The color components can be retrieved individually, e.g with red(), hue() and cyan(). The values of the color components can also be retrieved in one go using the getRgb(), getHsv() and getCmyk() functions. Using the RGB color model, the color components can in addition be accessed with rgb().
There are several related non-members: QRgb is a typdef for an unsigned int representing the RGB value triplet (r, g, b). Note that it also can hold a value for the alpha-channel (for more information, see the Alpha-Blended Drawing section). The qRed(), qBlue() and qGreen() functions return the respective component of the given QRgb value, while the qRgb() and qRgba() functions create and return the QRgb triplet based on the given component values. Finally, the qAlpha() function returns the alpha component of the provided QRgb, and the qGray() function calculates and return a gray value based on the given value.
QColor is platform and device independent. The QColormap class maps the color to the hardware.
For more information about painting in general, see {The Paint System} documentation.
- Integer vs. Floating Point Precision
- Alpha-Blended Drawing
- Predefined Colors
- The HSV Color Model
- The CMYK Color Model
Integer vs. Floating Point Precision
QColor supports floating point precision and provides floating point versions of all the color components functions, e.g. getRgbF(), hueF() and fromCmykF(). Note that since the components is stored using 16-bit integers, there might be minor deviations between the values set using, for example, setRgbF() and the values returned by the getRgbF() function due to rounding.
While the integer based functions take values in the range 0-255 (except hue() which must can be specified within the range 0-359), the floating point functions accept values in the range 0.0 - 1.0.
Alpha-Blended Drawing
QColor also support alpha-blended outlining and filling. The alpha channel of a color specifies the transparency effect, 0 represents a fully transparent color, while 255 represents a fully opaque color. For example:
// Specfiy semi-transparent red
painter.setBrush(QColor(255, 0, 0, 127));
painter.drawRect(0, 0, width()/2, height());
// Specify semi-transparend blue
painter.setBrush(QColor(0, 0, 255, 127));
painter.drawRect(0, 0, width(), height()/2);
The code above produces the following output:
Alpha-blended drawing is supported on Windows, Mac OS X, and on X11 systems that have the X Render extension installed.
The alpha channel of a color can be retrieved and set using the alpha() and setAlpha() functions if its value is an integer, and alphaF() and setAlphaF() if its value is qreal (double). By default, the alpha-channel is set to 255 (opaque). To retrieve and set all the RGB color components (including the alpha-channel) in one go, use the rgba() and setRgba() functions.
Predefined Colors
There are 20 predefined QColors: Qt::white, Qt::black, Qt::red, Qt::darkRed, Qt::green, Qt::darkGreen, Qt::blue, Qt::darkBlue, Qt::cyan, Qt::darkCyan, Qt::magenta, Qt::darkMagenta, Qt::yellow, Qt::darkYellow, Qt::gray, Qt::darkGray, Qt::lightGray, Qt::color0, Qt::color1, and Qt::transparent.
QColor provides the static colorNames() function which returns a QStringList containing the color names Qt knows about.
The colors Qt::color0 (zero pixel value) and Qt::color1 (non-zero pixel value) are special colors for drawing in QBitmaps. Painting with Qt::color0 sets the bitmap bits to 0 (transparent, i.e. background), and painting with Qt::color1 sets the bits to 1 (opaque, i.e. foreground).
The HSV Color Model
The RGB model is hardware-oriented. Its representation is close to what most monitors show. In contrast, HSV represents color in a way more suited to the human perception of color. For example, the relationships "stronger than", "darker than", and "the opposite of" are easily expressed in HSV but are much harder to express in RGB.
HSV, like RGB, has three components:
- H, for hue, is in the range 0 to 359 if the color is chromatic (not gray), or meaningless if it is gray. It represents degrees on the color wheel familiar to most people. Red is 0 (degrees), green is 120, and blue is 240.
- S, for saturation, is in the range 0 to 255, and the bigger it is, the stronger the color is. Grayish colors have saturation near 0; very strong colors have saturation near 255.
- V, for value, is in the range 0 to 255 and represents lightness or brightness of the color. 0 is black; 255 is as far from black as possible.
Here are some examples: pure red is H=0, S=255, V=255; a dark red, moving slightly towards the magenta, could be H=350 (equivalent to -10), S=255, V=180; a grayish light red could have H about 0 (say 350-359 or 0-10), S about 50-100, and S=255.
Qt returns a hue value of -1 for achromatic colors. If you pass a hue value that is too large, Qt forces it into range. Hue 360 or 720 is treated as 0; hue 540 is treated as 180.
In addition to the standard HSV model, Qt provides an alpha-channel to feature alpha-blended drawing.
The CMYK Color Model
While the RGB and HSV color models are used for display on computer monitors, the CMYK model is used in the four-color printing process of printing presses and some hard-copy devices.
CMYK has four components, all in the range 0-255: cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y) and black (K). Cyan, magenta and yellow are called subtractive colors; the CMYK color model creates color by starting with a white surface and then subtracting color by applying the appropriate components. While combining cyan, magenta and yellow gives the color black, subtracting one or more will yield any other color. When combined in various percentages, these three colors can create the entire spectrum of colors.
Mixing 100 percent of cyan, magenta and yellow does produce black, but the result is unsatisfactory since it wastes ink, increases drying time, and gives a muddy colour when printing. For that reason, black is added in professional printing to provide a solid black tone; hence the term 'four color process'.
In addition to the standard CMYK model, Qt provides an alpha-channel to feature alpha-blended drawing.
See also QPalette, QBrush, and QApplication::setColorSpec().
Member Type Documentation
enum QColor::Spec
The type of color specified, either RGB, HSV or CMYK.
| Constant | Value |
|---|---|
| QColor::Rgb | 1 |
| QColor::Hsv | 2 |
| QColor::Cmyk | 3 |
| QColor::Invalid | 0 |
See also spec() and convertTo().
Member Function Documentation
QColor::QColor ()
Constructs an invalid color with the RGB value (0, 0, 0). An invalid color is a color that is not properly set up for the underlying window system.
The alpha value of an invalid color is unspecified.
See also isValid().
QColor::QColor ( int r, int g, int b, int a = 255 )
Constructs a color with the RGB value r, g, b, and the alpha-channel (transparency) value of a.
The color is left invalid if any of the arguments are invalid.
See also setRgba() and isValid().
QColor::QColor ( QRgb color )
Constructs a color with the value color. The alpha component is ignored and set to solid.
See also fromRgb() and isValid().
QColor::QColor ( const QString & name )
Constructs a named color in the same way as setNamedColor() using the given name.
The color is left invalid if the name cannot be parsed.
See also setNamedColor(), name(), and isValid().
QColor::QColor ( const char * name )
Constructs a named color in the same way as setNamedColor() using the given name.
The color is left invalid if the name cannot be parsed.
See also setNamedColor(), name(), and isValid().
QColor::QColor ( const QColor & color )
Constructs a color that is a copy of color.
See also isValid().
QColor::QColor ( Qt::GlobalColor color )
Constructs a new color with a color value of color.
See also isValid() and Predefined Colors.
int QColor::alpha () const
Returns the alpha color component of this color.
See also setAlpha(), alphaF(), and Alpha-Blended Drawing.
qreal QColor::alphaF () const
Returns the alpha color component of this color.
See also setAlphaF(), alpha(), and Alpha-Blended Drawing.
int QColor::black () const
Returns the black color component of this color.
See also blackF(), getCmyk(), and The CMYK Color Model.
qreal QColor::blackF () const
Returns the black color component of this color.
See also black(), getCmykF(), and The CMYK Color Model.
int QColor::blue () const
Returns the blue color component of this color.
See also setBlue(), blueF(), and getRgb().
qreal QColor::blueF () const
Returns the blue color component of this color.
See also setBlueF(), blue(), and getRgbF().
QStringList QColor::colorNames () [static]
Returns a QStringList containing the color names Qt knows about.
See also Predefined Colors.
QColor QColor::convertTo ( Spec colorSpec ) const
Creates a copy of this color in the format specified by colorSpec.
See also spec(), toCmyk(), toHsv(), toRgb(), and isValid().
int QColor::cyan () const
Returns the cyan color component of this color.
See also cyanF(), getCmyk(), and The CMYK Color Model.
qreal QColor::cyanF () const
Returns the cyan color component of this color.
See also cyan(), getCmykF(), and The CMYK Color Model.
QColor QColor::dark ( int factor = 200 ) const
Returns a darker (or lighter) color, but does not change this object.
If the factor is greater than 100, this functions returns a darker color. Setting factor to 300 returns a color that has one-third the brightness. If the factor is less than 100, the return color is lighter, but we recommend using the light() function for this purpose. If the factor is 0 or negative, the return value is unspecified.
The function converts the current RGB color to HSV, divides the value (V) component by factor and converts the color back to RGB.
See also light() and isValid().
QColor QColor::fromCmyk ( int c, int m, int y, int k, int a = 255 ) [static]
Static convenience function that returns a QColor constructed from the given CMYK color values: c (cyan), m (magenta), y (yellow), k (black), and a (alpha-channel, i.e. transparency).
All the values must be in the range 0-255.
See also toCmyk(), fromCmykF(), isValid(), and The CMYK Color Model.
QColor QColor::fromCmykF ( qreal c, qreal m, qreal y, qreal k, qreal a = 1.0 ) [static]
Static convenience function that returns a QColor constructed from the given CMYK color values: c (cyan), m (magenta), y (yellow), k (black), and a (alpha-channel, i.e. transparency).
All the values must be in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also toCmyk(), fromCmyk(), isValid(), and The CMYK Color Model.
QColor QColor::fromHsv ( int h, int s, int v, int a = 255 ) [static]
Static convenience function that returns a QColor constructed from the HSV color values, h (hue), s (saturation), v (value), and a (alpha-channel, i.e. transparency).
The value of s, v, and a must all be in the range 0-255; the value of h must be in the range 0-359.
See also toHsv(), fromHsvF(), isValid(), and The HSV Color Model.
QColor QColor::fromHsvF ( qreal h, qreal s, qreal v, qreal a = 1.0 ) [static]
Static convenience function that returns a QColor constructed from the HSV color values, h (hue), s (saturation), v (value), and a (alpha-channel, i.e. transparency).
All the values must be in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also toHsv(), fromHsv(), isValid(), and The HSV Color Model.
QColor QColor::fromRgb ( QRgb rgb ) [static]
Static convenience function that returns a QColor constructed from the given QRgb value rgb.
Note that the alpha component of rgb is ignored (i.e. it is automatically set to 255), use the fromRgba() function to include the alpha-channel specified by the given QRgb value.
See also fromRgba(), fromRgbF(), toRgb(), and isValid().
QColor QColor::fromRgb ( int r, int g, int b, int a = 255 ) [static]
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Static convenience function that returns a QColor constructed from the RGB color values, r (red), g (green), b (blue), and a (alpha-channel, i.e. transparency).
All the values must be in the range 0-255.
See also toRgb(), fromRgbF(), and isValid().
QColor QColor::fromRgbF ( qreal r, qreal g, qreal b, qreal a = 1.0 ) [static]
Static convenience function that returns a QColor constructed from the RGB color values, r (red), g (green), b (blue), and a (alpha-channel, i.e. transparency).
All the values must be in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also fromRgb(), toRgb(), and isValid().
QColor QColor::fromRgba ( QRgb rgba ) [static]
Static convenience function that returns a QColor constructed from the given QRgb value rgba.
Note that unlike the fromRgb() function, the alpha-channel specified by the given QRgb value is included.
See also fromRgb() and isValid().
void QColor::getCmyk ( int * c, int * m, int * y, int * k, int * a = 0 )
Sets the contents pointed to by c, m, y, k, and a, to the cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and alpha-channel (transparency) components of the color's CMYK value.
Note that the components can be retrieved individually using the cyan(), magenta(), yellow(), black() and alpha() functions.
See also setCmyk() and The CMYK Color Model.
void QColor::getCmykF ( qreal * c, qreal * m, qreal * y, qreal * k, qreal * a = 0 )
Sets the contents pointed to by c, m, y, k, and a, to the cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and alpha-channel (transparency) components of the color's CMYK value.
Note that the components can be retrieved individually using the cyanF(), magentaF(), yellowF(), blackF() and alphaF() functions.
See also setCmykF() and The CMYK Color Model.
void QColor::getHsv ( int * h, int * s, int * v, int * a = 0 ) const
Sets the contents pointed to by h, s, v, and a, to the hue, saturation, value, and alpha-channel (transparency) components of the color's HSV value.
Note that the components can be retrieved individually using the hue(), saturation(), value() and alpha() functions.
See also setHsv() and The HSV Color Model.
void QColor::getHsvF ( qreal * h, qreal * s, qreal * v, qreal * a = 0 ) const
Sets the contents pointed to by h, s, v, and a, to the hue, saturation, value, and alpha-channel (transparency) components of the color's HSV value.
Note that the components can be retrieved individually using the hueF(), saturationF(), valueF() and alphaF() functions.
See also setHsv() and The HSV Color Model.
void QColor::getRgb ( int * r, int * g, int * b, int * a = 0 ) const
Sets the contents pointed to by r, g, b, and a, to the red, green, blue, and alpha-channel (transparency) components of the color's RGB value.
Note that the components can be retrieved individually using the red(), green(), blue() and alpha() functions.
void QColor::getRgbF ( qreal * r, qreal * g, qreal * b, qreal * a = 0 ) const
Sets the contents pointed to by r, g, b, and a, to the red, green, blue, and alpha-channel (transparency) components of the color's RGB value.
Note that the components can be retrieved individually using the redF(), greenF(), blueF() and alphaF() functions.
int QColor::green () const
Returns the green color component of this color.
See also setGreen(), greenF(), and getRgb().
qreal QColor::greenF () const
Returns the green color component of this color.
See also setGreenF(), green(), and getRgbF().
int QColor::hue () const
Returns the hue color component of this color.
See also hueF(), getHsv(), and The HSV Color Model.
qreal QColor::hueF () const
Returns the hue color component of this color.
See also hue(), getHsvF(), and The HSV Color Model.
bool QColor::isValid () const
Returns true if the color is valid; otherwise returns false.
QColor QColor::light ( int factor = 150 ) const
Returns a lighter (or darker) color, but does not change this object.
If the factor is greater than 100, this functions returns a lighter color. Setting factor to 150 returns a color that is 50% brighter. If the factor is less than 100, the return color is darker, but we recommend using the dark() function for this purpose. If the factor is 0 or negative, the return value is unspecified.
The function converts the current RGB color to HSV, multiplies the value (V) component by factor and converts the color back to RGB.
See also dark() and isValid().
int QColor::magenta () const
Returns the magenta color component of this color.
See also magentaF(), getCmyk(), and The CMYK Color Model.
qreal QColor::magentaF () const
Returns the magenta color component of this color.
See also magenta(), getCmykF(), and The CMYK Color Model.
QString QColor::name () const
Returns the name of the color in the format "#RRGGBB"; i.e. a "#" character followed by three two-digit hexadecimal numbers.
See also setNamedColor().
int QColor::red () const
Returns the red color component of this color.
See also setRed(), redF(), and getRgb().
qreal QColor::redF () const
Returns the red color component of this color.
See also setRedF(), red(), and getRgbF().
QRgb QColor::rgb () const
Returns the RGB value of the color. The alpha is stripped for compatibility.
See also setRgb(), getRgb(), and rgba().
QRgb QColor::rgba () const
Returns the RGB value of the color. Note that unlike rgb(), the alpha is not stripped.
For an invalid color, the alpha value of the returned color is unspecified.
int QColor::saturation () const
Returns the saturation color component of this color.
See also saturationF(), getHsv(), and The HSV Color Model.
qreal QColor::saturationF () const
Returns the saturation color component of this color.
See also saturation(), getHsvF(), and The HSV Color Model.
void QColor::setAlpha ( int alpha )
Sets the alpha of this color to alpha. Integer alpha is specified in the range 0-255.
See also alpha(), alphaF(), and Alpha-Blended Drawing.
void QColor::setAlphaF ( qreal alpha )
Sets the alpha of this color to alpha. qreal alpha is specified in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also alphaF(), alpha(), and Alpha-Blended Drawing.
void QColor::setBlue ( int blue )
Sets the blue color component of this color to blue. Int components are specified in the range 0-255.
See also blue(), blueF(), and setRgb().
void QColor::setBlueF ( qreal blue )
Sets the blue color component of this color to blue. Float components are specified in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also blueF(), blue(), and setRgbF().
void QColor::setCmyk ( int c, int m, int y, int k, int a = 255 )
Sets the color to CMYK values, c (cyan), m (magenta), y (yellow), k (black), and a (alpha-channel, i.e. transparency).
All the values must be in the range 0-255.
See also getCmyk(), setCmykF(), and The CMYK Color Model.
void QColor::setCmykF ( qreal c, qreal m, qreal y, qreal k, qreal a = 1.0 )
Sets the color to CMYK values, c (cyan), m (magenta), y (yellow), k (black), and a (alpha-channel, i.e. transparency).
All the values must be in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also getCmykF(), setCmyk(), and The CMYK Color Model.
void QColor::setGreen ( int green )
Sets the green color component of this color to green. Int components are specified in the range 0-255.
See also green(), greenF(), and setRgb().
void QColor::setGreenF ( qreal green )
Sets the green color component of this color to green. Float components are specified in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also greenF(), green(), and setRgbF().
void QColor::setHsv ( int h, int s, int v, int a = 255 )
Sets a HSV color value; h is the hue, s is the saturation, v is the value and a is the alpha component of the HSV color.
The saturation, value and alpha-channel values must be in the range 0-255, and the hue value must be greater than -1.
See also hsv(), getHsv(), setHsvF(), and The HSV Color Model.
void QColor::setHsvF ( qreal h, qreal s, qreal v, qreal a = 1.0 )
Sets a HSV color value; h is the hue, s is the saturation, v is the value and a is the alpha component of the HSV color.
All the values must be in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also getHsvF(), setHsv(), and The HSV Color Model.
void QColor::setNamedColor ( const QString & name )
Sets the RGB value of this QColor to name, which may be in one of these formats:
- #RGB (each of R, G, and B is a single hex digit)
- #RRGGBB
- #RRRGGGBBB
- #RRRRGGGGBBBB
- A name from the list of colors defined in the list of SVG color keyword names provided by the World Wide Web Consortium; for example, "steelblue" or "gainsboro". These color names work on all platforms.
- transparent - representing the absence of a color.
The color is invalid if name cannot be parsed.
See also QColor(), name(), and isValid().
void QColor::setRed ( int red )
Sets the red color component of this color to red. Int components are specified in the range 0-255.
See also red(), redF(), and setRgb().
void QColor::setRedF ( qreal red )
Sets the red color component of this color to red. Float components are specified in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also redF(), red(), and setRgbF().
void QColor::setRgb ( int r, int g, int b, int a = 255 )
Sets the RGB value to r, g, b and the alpha value to a.
All the values must be in the range 0-255.
See also rgb(), getRgb(), and setRgbF().
void QColor::setRgb ( QRgb rgb )
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Sets the RGB value to rgb, ignoring the alpha.
void QColor::setRgbF ( qreal r, qreal g, qreal b, qreal a = 1.0 )
Sets the color channels of this color to r (red), g (green), b (blue) and a (alpha, transparency).
All values must be in the range 0.0-1.0.
See also rgb(), getRgbF(), and setRgb().
void QColor::setRgba ( QRgb rgba )
Sets the RGBA value to rgba. Note that unlike setRgb(QRgb rgb), this function does not ignore the alpha.
Spec QColor::spec () const
Returns how the color was specified.
See also Spec and convertTo().
QColor QColor::toCmyk () const
Creates and returns a CMYK QColor based on this color.
See also fromCmyk(), convertTo(), isValid(), and The CMYK Color Model.
QColor QColor::toHsv () const
Creates and returns an HSV QColor based on this color.
See also fromHsv(), convertTo(), isValid(), and The HSV Color Model.
QColor QColor::toRgb () const
Create and returns an RGB QColor based on this color.
See also fromRgb(), convertTo(), and isValid().
int QColor::value () const
Returns the value color component of this color.
See also valueF(), getHsv(), and The HSV Color Model.
qreal QColor::valueF () const
Returns the value color component of this color.
See also value(), getHsvF(), and The HSV Color Model.
int QColor::yellow () const
Returns the yellow color component of this color.
See also yellowF(), getCmyk(), and The CMYK Color Model.
qreal QColor::yellowF () const
Returns the yellow color component of this color.
See also yellow(), getCmykF(), and The CMYK Color Model.
QColor::operator QVariant () const
Returns the color as a QVariant
bool QColor::operator!= ( const QColor & color ) const
Returns true if this color has a different RGB value from the color color; otherwise returns false.
QColor & QColor::operator= ( const QColor & color )
Assigns a copy of the color color to this color, and returns a reference to it.
QColor & QColor::operator= ( Qt::GlobalColor color )
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Assigns a copy of the color and returns a reference to this color.
bool QColor::operator== ( const QColor & color ) const
Returns true if this color has the same RGB value as the color color; otherwise returns false.
Related Non-Members
typedef QRgb
An ARGB quadruplet on the format #AARRGGBB, equivalent to an unsigned int.
Note that the type also holds a value for the alpha-channel. The default alpha channel is ff, i.e opaque. For more information, see the Alpha-Blended Drawing section.
See also QColor::rgb() and QColor::rgba().
int qAlpha ( QRgb rgba )
Returns the alpha component of the ARGB quadruplet rgba.
See also qRgb() and QColor::alpha().
int qBlue ( QRgb rgb )
Returns the blue component of the ARGB quadruplet rgb.
See also qRgb() and QColor::blue().
int qGray ( int r, int g, int b )
Returns a gray value (0 to 255) from the (r, g, b) triplet.
The gray value is calculated using the formula (r * 11 + g * 16 + b * 5)/32.
int qGray ( QRgb rgb )
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Returns a gray value (0 to 255) from the given ARGB quadruplet rgb.
The gray value is calculated using the formula (R * 11 + G * 16 + B * 5)/32. Note that the alpha-channel is ignored.
int qGreen ( QRgb rgb )
Returns the green component of the ARGB quadruplet rgb.
See also qRgb() and QColor::green().
int qRed ( QRgb rgb )
Returns the red component of the ARGB quadruplet rgb.
See also qRgb() and QColor::red().
QRgb qRgb ( int r, int g, int b )
Returns the ARGB quadruplet (255, r, g, b).
See also qRgba(), qRed(), qGreen(), and qBlue().
QRgb qRgba ( int r, int g, int b, int a )
Returns the ARGB quadruplet (a, r, g, b).
See also qRgb(), qRed(), qGreen(), and qBlue().
QDataStream & operator<< ( QDataStream & stream, const QColor & color )
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Writes the color to the stream.
See also Format of the QDataStream Operators.
QDataStream & operator>> ( QDataStream & stream, QColor & color )
This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.
Reads the color from the stream.
See also Format of the QDataStream Operators.
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