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Exception Safety with SymbianThe following sections describe how Qt code can interoperate with Symbian's exception safety system. What the problem isQt and Symbian have different exception systems. Qt works with standard C++ exceptions, whereas Symbian has its TRAP/Leave/CleanupStack system. So, what would happen if you mix the two systems? It could go wrong in a number of ways. Clean-up ordering would be different between the two. When Symbian code leaves, the clean-up stack is cleaned up before anything else happens. After that, the objects on the call stack would be cleaned up as with a normal exception. So if there are any dependencies between stack-based and objects owned by the clean-up stack, there could be problems due to this ordering. Symbian's XLeaveException, which is used when Symbian implements leaves as exceptions, is not derived from std::exception, so would not be caught in Qt catch statements designed to catch std::exception. Qt's and standard C++'s std::exception derived exceptions result in program termination if they fall back to a Symbian TRAP. These problems can be solved with barrier macros and helper functions that will translate between the two exception systems. Use them, in Qt code, whenever calling into or being called from Symbian code. Qt calls to SymbianWhen calling Symbian leaving functions from Qt code, we want to translate Symbian leaves to standard C++ exceptions. The following help is provided:
HBufC* buf=0; // this will throw a std::bad_alloc because we've asked for too much memory QT_TRAP_THROWING(buf = HBufC::NewL(100000000)); _LIT(KStr,"abc"); TInt pos = KStr().Locate('c'); // pos is a good value, >= 0, so no exception is thrown qt_symbian_throwIfError(pos); pos = KStr().Locate('d'); // pos == KErrNotFound, so this throws an exception qt_symbian_throwIfError(pos); // we are asking for a lot of memory, HBufC::New may return NULL, so check it HBufC *buffer = q_check_ptr(HBufC::New(1000000)); Be careful with new and CBaseWhen writing Qt code, new will normally throw a std::bad_alloc if the allocation fails. However this may not happen if the object being created has its own operator new. For example, CBase and derived classes have their own operator new which returns 0 and the new(ELeave) overload for a leaving operator new, neither of which does what we want. When using 2-phase construction of CBase derived objects, use new and q_check_ptr(). For example, if you have code like CFbsBitmap* fbsBitmap = new(ELeave) CFbsBitmap; you can rewrite it as CFbsBitmap* fbsBitmap = q_check_ptr(new CFbsBitmap); Qt called from SymbianWhen Qt code is called from Symbian, we want to translate standard C++ exceptions to Symbian leaves or error codes. The following help is provided:
TInt DoTickL() // called from an active object RunL, ie Symbian leaves expected { // without the translation to Symbian Leave, we get a USER:0 panic QT_TRYCATCH_LEAVING({ int* x = new int[100000000]; // compiled as Qt code, will throw std::bad_alloc delete [] x; }); return 0; } Common sense thingsTry to minimise the interleaving of Symbian and Qt code, every switch requires a barrier. Grouping the code styles in different blocks will minimise the problems. For instance, examine the following code. 1. TRAPD(err, m_playUtility = CMdaAudioPlayerUtility::NewL(*this); 2. QString filepath = QFileInfo( m_sound->fileName() ).absoluteFilePath(); 3. filepath = QDir::toNativeSeparators(filepath); 4. m_playUtility->OpenFileL(qt_QString2TPtrC(filepath))); Line 1 starts a Symbian leave handling block, which is good because it also uses a Symbian leave generating function. Line 2 creates a QString, uses QFileInfo and various member functions. These could all throw exceptions, which is not good inside a TRAP block. Line 3 is unclear as to whether it might throw an exception, but since it's dealing with strings it probably does, again bad. Line 4 is tricky, it calls a leaving function which is ok within a TRAP, but it also uses a helper function to convert string types. In this case the helper function may cause an unwelcome exception. We could rewrite this with nested exception translations, but it's much easier to refactor it. QString filepath = QFileInfo( m_sound->fileName() ).absoluteFilePath(); filepath = QDir::toNativeSeparators(filepath); TPtrC filepathPtr(qt_QString2TPtrC(filepath)); TRAPD(err, m_playUtility = CMdaAudioPlayerUtility::NewL(*this); m_playUtility->OpenFileL(filepathPtr)); Now the exception generating functions are separated from the leaving functions. Advanced techniqueWhen using Symbian APIs in Qt code, you may find that Symbian leaving code and Qt exception throwing code are just too mixed up to have them interoperate through barriers. In some circumstances you can allow code to both leave and throw exceptions. But you must be aware of the following issues:
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