QSharedMemory Class Reference
[QtCore module]

Detailed Description

The QSharedMemory class provides access to a shared memory segment.

QSharedMemory provides access to a shared memory segment by multiple threads and processes. It also provides a way for a single thread or process to lock the memory for exclusive access.

When using this class, be aware of the following platform differences:

• Windows: QSharedMemory does not "own" the shared memory segment. When all threads or processes that have an instance of QSharedMemory attached to a particular shared memory segment have either destroyed their instance of QSharedMemory or exited, the Windows kernel releases the shared memory segment automatically.
• Unix: QSharedMemory "owns" the shared memory segment. When the last thread or process that has an instance of QSharedMemory attached to a particular shared memory segment detaches from the segment by destroying its instance of QSharedMemory, the Unix kernel release the shared memory segment. But if that last thread or process crashes without running the QSharedMemory destructor, the shared memory segment survives the crash.
• HP-UX: Only one attach to a shared memory segment is allowed per process. This means that QSharedMemory should not be used across multiple threads in the same process in HP-UX.

Remember to lock the shared memory with lock() before reading from or writing to the shared memory, and remember to release the lock with unlock() after you are done.

Unlike QtSharedMemory, QSharedMemory automatically destroys the shared memory segment when the last instance of QSharedMemory is detached from the segment, and no references to the segment remain. Do not mix using QtSharedMemory and QSharedMemory. Port everything to QSharedMemory.

Member Type Documentation

enum QSharedMemory::AccessMode

enum QSharedMemory::SharedMemoryError

Member Function Documentation

QSharedMemory::QSharedMemory ( const QString & key, QObject * parent = 0 )

Constructs a shared memory object with the given parent and with its key set to key. Because its key is set, its create() and attach() functions can be called.

See also setKey(), create(), and attach().

QSharedMemory::QSharedMemory ( QObject * parent = 0 )

Constructs a shared memory object with the given parent. The shared memory object's key is not set by the constructor, so the shared memory object does not have an underlying shared memory segment attached. The key must be set with setKey() before create() or attach() can be used.

See also setKey().

QSharedMemory::~QSharedMemory ()

The destructor clears the key, which forces the shared memory object to detach from its underlying shared memory segment. If this shared memory object is the last one connected to the shared memory segment, the detach() operation destroys the shared memory segment.

See also detach() and isAttached().

bool QSharedMemory::attach ( AccessMode mode = ReadWrite )

Attempts to attach the process to the shared memory segment identified by the key that was passed to the constructor or to a call to setKey(). The access mode is ReadWrite by default. It can also be ReadOnly. Returns true if the attach operation is successful. If false is returned, call error() to determine which error occurred. After attaching the shared memory segment, a pointer to the shared memory can be obtained by calling data().

See also isAttached(), detach(), and create().

const void * QSharedMemory::constData () const

Returns a const pointer to the contents of the shared memory segment, if one is attached. Otherwise it returns null. Remember to lock the shared memory with lock() before reading from or writing to the shared memory, and remember to release the lock with unlock() after you are done.

See also attach() and create().

bool QSharedMemory::create ( int size, AccessMode mode = ReadWrite )

Creates a shared memory segment of size bytes with the key passed to the constructor or set with setKey(), attaches to the new shared memory segment with the given access mode, and returns true. If a shared memory segment identified by the key already exists, the attach operation is not performed, and false is returned. When the return value is false, call error() to determine which error occurred.

See also error().

void * QSharedMemory::data ()

Returns a pointer to the contents of the shared memory segment, if one is attached. Otherwise it returns null. Remember to lock the shared memory with lock() before reading from or writing to the shared memory, and remember to release the lock with unlock() after you are done.

See also attach().

const void * QSharedMemory::data () const

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience.

bool QSharedMemory::detach ()

Detaches the process from the shared memory segment. If this was the last process attached to the shared memory segment, then the shared memory segment is released by the system, i.e., the contents are destroyed. The function returns true if it detaches the shared memory segment. If it returns false, it usually means the segment either isn't attached, or it is locked by another process.

See also attach() and isAttached().

SharedMemoryError QSharedMemory::error () const

Returns a value indicating whether an error occurred, and, if so, which error it was.

See also errorString().

QString QSharedMemory::errorString () const

Returns a text description of the last error that occurred. If error() returns an error value, call this function to get a text string that describes the error.

See also error().

bool QSharedMemory::isAttached () const

Returns true if this process is attached to the shared memory segment.

See also attach() and detach().

QString QSharedMemory::key () const

Returns the key assigned to this shared memory. The key is the identifier used by the operating system to identify the shared memory segment. When QSharedMemory is used for interprocess communication, the key is how each process attaches to the shared memory segment through which the IPC occurs.

See also setKey().

bool QSharedMemory::lock ()

This is a semaphore that locks the shared memory segment for access by this process. If another process has locked the segment, lock() will block until the lock is released. It returns true if it obtains the lock. It should always return true. If it returns false, it means you have a program bug. If your code calls lock() when you already have the lock, your process will block forever.

See also unlock() and data().

void QSharedMemory::setKey ( const QString & key )

Sets a new key for this shared memory object. If key and the current key are the same, the function returns without doing anything. If the shared memory object is attached to an underlying shared memory segment, it will detach from it before setting the new key. This function does not do an attach().

See also key() and isAttached().

int QSharedMemory::size () const

Returns the size of the attached shared memory segment. If no shared memory segment is attached, 0 is returned.

See also create() and attach().

bool QSharedMemory::unlock ()

Releases the lock on the shared memory segment and returns true, if the lock is currently held by this process. If the segment is not locked, or if the lock is held by another process, nothing happens and false is returned.

See also lock().