              
Qt Contacts Manager EnginesIntroductionThe QContactManager interface provided to clients to allow access to contact information depends on an implementation of QContactManagerEngine existing. This engine provides the methods which are called by the manager. An engine is identified by its URI, which is the name reported to clients through the QContactManager::managerUri() function. The URI of a manager is built by combining its name, version and relevant construction parameters. Information For ClientsWhile clients never interact directly with instances of QContactManagerEngine, they may need to be aware of limitations of individual engines, or differences between engines. The API offered through QContactManager allows clients to retrieve this information for the engine which provides the functionality exposed through a particular QContactManager. Where Is The Data Stored?A QContactManagerEngine may provide an aggregated view of multiple physical datastores, zero or more of which may be remote datastores. Clients of the API are aware only that the data is managed by a QContactManagerEngine with a particular URI. It is possible that multiple different engines will have overlap in the datastores which they aggregate, and in that case the way in which those engines were implemented will determine whether operations are thread-safe or not. Since the data may physically be stored in a remote datastore, any operations may be dominated by the return-trip-time of communications with the remote datastore. As such, it is recommended that clients use the asynchronous client API to access contact information from any QContactManager. Schema DifferencesEach engine may support a different schema. All engines should attempt to support the default schema, described in the default schema documentation, however clients should never assume that any engine does support the default schema fully. Clients are able to retrieve the schema supported by a particular engine at run-time by calling QContactManager::detailDefinitions(). Some engines support different detail definitions (that is, a different schema) for different types of contacts. Clients can retrieve the contact types supported by an engine by calling QContactManager::supportedContactTypes(). Provided EnginesThe Contacts module of the QtMobility project includes several backends already, some of which are designed to interface with the default addressbook on their particular platform. In-Memory Example EngineThe in-memory engine identifies itself as the "memory" engine. It is available on all platforms which are supported by the QtMobility project. The in-memory engine supports the default schema, and provides all functionality available through the QtMobility Contacts API; however, all data is stored in-memory and is not persisted in any way. Symbian EngineThe Symbian engine identifies itself as the "symbian" engine, and is only available on the Symbian S60 3.1, S60 3.2, S60 5.0 and Symbian^3 platforms. The Symbian engine supports a modified version of the default schema. The schema supported by the Symbian engine depends on which version of the platform is being used. The symbian engine allows clients to use both the asynchronous and synchronous interfaces, and supports various different relationships, supports setting the self-contact, and persists all saved data to the system addressbook. Symbian Sim EngineThe Symbian Sim engine identifies itself as the "symbiansim" engine, and is only available on Symbian platforms. It is an extremely limited engine which supports a very small subset of the default schema, and can be constructed with a "store" parameter to set which contact store to interact with. The value of the "store" parameter may be either "ADN", "FDN" or "SDN". Maemo 5 (Fremantle) EngineThe Maemo 5 (Fremantle) engine identifies itself as the "maemo5" engine, but is only available on the Maemo 5 (Fremantle) platform which has the correct libraries installed (including lib-osso-abook). The Maemo 5 (Fremantle) engine supports a modified version of the default schema. In particular, it does not support the following details which are provided in the default schema:
Furthermore, it supports only a subset of the fields and values supported by the default schema versions of various details. The limitations are as follows:
The Maemo 5 (Fremantle) engine supports asynchronous and synchronous requests, but does not support group contacts or relationships of any kind. It does not allow clients to set a particular contact as the "self" contact. It persists all data in the system addressbook. Windows CE EngineThe Windows CE engine identifies itself as the "wince" engine, and is only available on the Windows Mobile 6.0 platform. It supports a subset of the default schema, and supports both the asynchronous and synchronous interfaces to the datastore. It persists saved data to the system addressbook. Information For Engine ImplementorsSome developers may wish to provide implementations of QContactManagerEngine for use by clients. The engine that they provide may aggregate multiple datastores, or access a remote datastore, or provide some other functionality to clients. An engine is distributed as a Qt Plugin, and will be detected automatically by the plugin loading code in the QContactManager, so long as the plugin is located in the correct path ($QT_PLUGINS_DIR/contacts/). Which Functions Do I Need To ImplementDifferent engines provide different functionality and support different features. Depending on the feature set of the engine, it will need to implement a particular subset of the API. The default implementation for most functions will set the error to QContactManager::NotSupportedError and return the value which indicates that an error has occurred. Mandatory FunctionsAll engines must implement the following functions:
Every engine implementation must also come with an implementation of QContactManagerEngineFactory for that engine. Note that you do not need to implement filtering and sorting natively in an engine; the default implementation offers the following static functions to perform filtering and sorting respectively, in memory: However, engine implementors should be aware that the default implementation is naive and will have greatly reduced performance compared to a native implementation (e.g., SQL queries, if the contact data exposed by the engine implementation is stored in an SQL database). Similarly, any QContactFetchHint parameter may be ignored by an engine implementation, but if it does so it must return all information available for the contact. All engines must also implement the following functions to implement asynchronous requests:
If the engine does not support asynchronous requests, it should always return false in the last three of those functions, and do nothing in the first. If the engine does support asynchronous requests, it must ensure that all information required to perform the request is saved in the engine within QContactManagerEngine::startRequest(), as the client owns the request object and may delete it at any time. In general, engine implementors should be aware of this ownership semantic, and never attempt an unsafe operation on a request pointer. It is recommended that all engine implementations support asynchronous requests, even if they use a "dummy" implementation which services the request synchronously during startRequest, and then emit the appropriate signals from the request via a zero-millisecond timeout timer. Optional FunctionalityThe rest of the virtual functions are optional, and should be implemented only if the engine supports the operations. If the engine can be constructed with different parameters, which affects the operation of the engine (for example, a parameter might define which file to read contact information from, or it might be an access token to prove that the client has the access rights to read contact information from the engine, etc), it must report which parameters it was constructed with via the function. If the engine supports native filtering of any kind, it must report to clients which filters are supported natively by implementing: If the engine supports saving or removing contact information, as well as retrieval, it must implement: It may also choose to implement the "single contact" functions: If it does not, the default implementation of those functions will use the batch (plural) versions of those functions to implement the required behavior. If the engine supports modification of its schema (that is, extension of its definitions at run-time), it must report that it supports the QContactManager::MutableDefinitions feature via QContactManagerEngine::hasFeature(), and must also implement: If the engine supports any relationships, it must report that it supports the QContactManager::Relationships feature via QContactManagerEngine::hasFeature(), and must also implement:
Specifically, if the engine supports group contacts, it must support the QContactRelationship::HasMember relationship, and report this as a supported relationship type. It must then also report that it supports the QContactType::TypeGroup contact type as a supported contact type in QContactManagerEngine::supportedContactTypes(). If the engine supports saving a "self" contact (that is, a contact which contains information about the owner of the device or online service account from which the engine provides contact information), it must report that it supports the QContactManager::SelfContact feature via QContactManagerEngine::hasFeature(), and must also implement: Optional ImplementationApart from areas of functionality which may be optionally implemented by the engine or not, the default implementation provides several functions which operate in a naive, in-memory manner. An engine implementation can override this default implementation with its own, if it wishes, in order to obtain performance gains, or to more accurately implement the function. As previously mentioned it may implement its own sorting or filtering, in functions such as QContactManagerEngine::contacts(). An engine may also implement:
Which Signals Do I Need To EmitAn engine implementation must emit the appropriate signals for the subset of functionality that it supports. If the engine supports reading or saving contacts, it must emit the:
signals as appropriate. Alternatively, it can emit the QContactManager::dataChanged() signal instead. If the engine supports reading or saving relationships, it must emit the: signals as appropriate. Alternatively, it can emit the QContactManager::dataChanged() signal instead. If the engine supports the QContactManager::SelfContact feature, it must emit the: signal as appropriate. Alternatively, it can emit the QContactManager::dataChanged() signal instead. Other ConsiderationsThere are several other considerations that engine writers must be aware of:
Example ImplementationThere are several implementations of QContactManagerEngine available in the QtMobility source code repository. In particular, the "memory" engine provides an implementation of an in-memory, anonymous datastore which supports every feature in the API, and therefore is useful for demonstration purposes. Be aware, however, that the implementation of all functionality in the "memory" engine is naive and not performant, and should not be copied in any real engine implementation (e.g., to perform filtering, it reads all contacts from the (in-memory) database, and checks one by one for matches; a real engine, on the other hand, might perform a database query to return the results directly, rather than performing n-reads). |
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