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QDateTime Class

The QDateTime class provides date and time functions. More...

 #include <QDateTime>

Note: All functions in this class are reentrant.

Public Functions

QDateTime()
QDateTime(const QDate & date)
QDateTime(const QDate & date, const QTime & time, Qt::TimeSpec spec = Qt::LocalTime)
QDateTime(const QDateTime & other)
~QDateTime()
QDateTime addDays(qint64 ndays) const
QDateTime addMSecs(qint64 msecs) const
QDateTime addMonths(int nmonths) const
QDateTime addSecs(int s) const
QDateTime addYears(int nyears) const
QDate date() const
qint64 daysTo(const QDateTime & other) const
bool isNull() const
bool isValid() const
qint64 msecsTo(const QDateTime & other) const
int secsTo(const QDateTime & other) const
void setDate(const QDate & date)
void setMSecsSinceEpoch(qint64 msecs)
void setTime(const QTime & time)
void setTimeSpec(Qt::TimeSpec spec)
void setTime_t(uint seconds)
QTime time() const
Qt::TimeSpec timeSpec() const
QDateTime toLocalTime() const
qint64 toMSecsSinceEpoch() const
QString toString(const QString & format) const
QString toString(Qt::DateFormat format = Qt::TextDate) const
QDateTime toTimeSpec(Qt::TimeSpec specification) const
uint toTime_t() const
QDateTime toUTC() const
bool operator!=(const QDateTime & other) const
bool operator<(const QDateTime & other) const
bool operator<=(const QDateTime & other) const
QDateTime & operator=(const QDateTime & other)
bool operator==(const QDateTime & other) const
bool operator>(const QDateTime & other) const
bool operator>=(const QDateTime & other) const

Static Public Members

QDateTime currentDateTime()
QDateTime currentDateTimeUtc()
qint64 currentMSecsSinceEpoch()
QDateTime fromMSecsSinceEpoch(qint64 msecs)
QDateTime fromString(const QString & string, Qt::DateFormat format = Qt::TextDate)
QDateTime fromString(const QString & string, const QString & format)
QDateTime fromTime_t(uint seconds)

Related Non-Members

QDataStream & operator<<(QDataStream & out, const QDateTime & dateTime)
QDataStream & operator>>(QDataStream & in, QDateTime & dateTime)

Detailed Description

The QDateTime class provides date and time functions.

A QDateTime object contains a calendar date and a clock time (a "datetime"). It is a combination of the QDate and QTime classes. It can read the current datetime from the system clock. It provides functions for comparing datetimes and for manipulating a datetime by adding a number of seconds, days, months, or years.

A QDateTime object is typically created either by giving a date and time explicitly in the constructor, or by using the static function currentDateTime() that returns a QDateTime object set to the system clock's time. The date and time can be changed with setDate() and setTime(). A datetime can also be set using the setTime_t() function that takes a POSIX-standard "number of seconds since 00:00:00 on January 1, 1970" value. The fromString() function returns a QDateTime, given a string and a date format used to interpret the date within the string.

The date() and time() functions provide access to the date and time parts of the datetime. The same information is provided in textual format by the toString() function.

QDateTime provides a full set of operators to compare two QDateTime objects where smaller means earlier and larger means later.

You can increment (or decrement) a datetime by a given number of milliseconds using addMSecs(), seconds using addSecs(), or days using addDays(). Similarly you can use addMonths() and addYears(). The daysTo() function returns the number of days between two datetimes, secsTo() returns the number of seconds between two datetimes, and msecsTo() returns the number of milliseconds between two datetimes.

QDateTime can store datetimes as local time or as UTC. QDateTime::currentDateTime() returns a QDateTime expressed as local time; use toUTC() to convert it to UTC. You can also use timeSpec() to find out if a QDateTime object stores a UTC time or a local time. Operations such as addSecs() and secsTo() are aware of daylight saving time (DST).

Note: QDateTime does not account for leap seconds.

No Year 0

There is no year 0. Dates in that year are considered invalid. The year -1 is the year "1 before Christ" or "1 before current era." The day before 1 January 1 CE is 31 December 1 BCE.

Range of Valid Dates

Dates are stored internally as a Julian Day number, an interger count of every day in a contiguous range, with 24 November 4714 BCE in the Gregorian calendar being Julian Day 0 (1 January 4713 BCE in the Julian calendar). As well as being an efficient and accurate way of storing an absolute date, it is suitable for converting a Date into other calendar systems such as Hebrew, Islamic or Chinese. The Julian Day number can be obtained using QDate::toJulianDay() and can be set using QDate::fromJulianDay().

The range of dates able to be stored by QDate as a Julian Day number is limited for convenience from std::numeric_limits<qint64>::min() / 2 to std::numeric_limits<qint64>::max() / 2, which on most platforms means from around 2.5 quadrillion BCE to around 2.5 quadrillion CE, effectively covering the full range of astronomical time. The range of Julian Days able to be accurately converted to and from valid YMD form Dates is restricted to 1 January 4800 BCE to 31 December 1400000 CE due to shortcomings in the available conversion formulas. Conversions outside this range are not guaranteed to be correct. This may change in the future.

Use of System Timezone

QDateTime uses the system's time zone information to determine the offset of local time from UTC. If the system is not configured correctly or not up-to-date, QDateTime will give wrong results as well.

Daylight Savings Time (DST)

QDateTime takes into account the system's time zone information when dealing with DST. On modern Unix systems, this means it applies the correct historical DST data whenever possible. On Windows and Windows CE, where the system doesn't support historical DST data, historical accuracy is not maintained with respect to DST.

The range of valid dates taking DST into account is 1970-01-01 to the present, and rules are in place for handling DST correctly until 2037-12-31, but these could change. For dates falling outside that range, QDateTime makes a best guess using the rules for year 1970 or 2037, but we can't guarantee accuracy. This means QDateTime doesn't take into account changes in a locale's time zone before 1970, even if the system's time zone database supports that information.

See also QDate, QTime, and QDateTimeEdit.

Member Function Documentation

QDateTime::QDateTime()

Constructs a null datetime (i.e. null date and null time). A null datetime is invalid, since the date is invalid.

See also isValid().

QDateTime::QDateTime(const QDate & date)

Constructs a datetime with the given date, a valid time(00:00:00.000), and sets the timeSpec() to Qt::LocalTime.

QDateTime::QDateTime(const QDate & date, const QTime & time, Qt::TimeSpec spec = Qt::LocalTime)

Constructs a datetime with the given date and time, using the time specification defined by spec.

If date is valid and time is not, the time will be set to midnight.

QDateTime::QDateTime(const QDateTime & other)

Constructs a copy of the other datetime.

QDateTime::~QDateTime()

Destroys the datetime.

QDateTime QDateTime::addDays(qint64 ndays) const

Returns a QDateTime object containing a datetime ndays days later than the datetime of this object (or earlier if ndays is negative).

See also daysTo(), addMonths(), addYears(), and addSecs().

QDateTime QDateTime::addMSecs(qint64 msecs) const

Returns a QDateTime object containing a datetime msecs miliseconds later than the datetime of this object (or earlier if msecs is negative).

See also addSecs(), msecsTo(), addDays(), addMonths(), and addYears().

QDateTime QDateTime::addMonths(int nmonths) const

Returns a QDateTime object containing a datetime nmonths months later than the datetime of this object (or earlier if nmonths is negative).

See also daysTo(), addDays(), addYears(), and addSecs().

QDateTime QDateTime::addSecs(int s) const

Returns a QDateTime object containing a datetime s seconds later than the datetime of this object (or earlier if s is negative).

See also addMSecs(), secsTo(), addDays(), addMonths(), and addYears().

QDateTime QDateTime::addYears(int nyears) const

Returns a QDateTime object containing a datetime nyears years later than the datetime of this object (or earlier if nyears is negative).

See also daysTo(), addDays(), addMonths(), and addSecs().

QDateTime QDateTime::currentDateTime() [static]

Returns the current datetime, as reported by the system clock, in the local time zone.

See also currentDateTimeUtc(), QDate::currentDate(), QTime::currentTime(), and toTimeSpec().

QDateTime QDateTime::currentDateTimeUtc() [static]

Returns the current datetime, as reported by the system clock, in UTC.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.7.

See also currentDateTime(), QDate::currentDate(), QTime::currentTime(), and toTimeSpec().

qint64 QDateTime::currentMSecsSinceEpoch() [static]

Returns the number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01T00:00:00 Universal Coordinated Time. This number is like the POSIX time_t variable, but expressed in milliseconds instead.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.7.

See also currentDateTime(), currentDateTimeUtc(), toTime_t(), and toTimeSpec().

QDate QDateTime::date() const

Returns the date part of the datetime.

See also setDate(), time(), and timeSpec().

qint64 QDateTime::daysTo(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns the number of days from this datetime to the other datetime. If the other datetime is earlier than this datetime, the value returned is negative.

See also addDays(), secsTo(), and msecsTo().

QDateTime QDateTime::fromMSecsSinceEpoch(qint64 msecs) [static]

Returns a datetime whose date and time are the number of milliseconds, msecs, that have passed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00.000, Coordinated Universal Time (Qt::UTC). On systems that do not support time zones, the time will be set as if local time were Qt::UTC.

Note that there are possible values for msecs that lie outside the valid range of QDateTime, both negative and positive. The behavior of this function is undefined for those values.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.7.

See also toTime_t() and setTime_t().

QDateTime QDateTime::fromString(const QString & string, Qt::DateFormat format = Qt::TextDate) [static]

Returns the QDateTime represented by the string, using the format given, or an invalid datetime if this is not possible.

Note for Qt::TextDate: It is recommended that you use the English short month names (e.g. "Jan"). Although localized month names can also be used, they depend on the user's locale settings.

QDateTime QDateTime::fromString(const QString & string, const QString & format) [static]

Returns the QDateTime represented by the string, using the format given, or an invalid datetime if the string cannot be parsed.

These expressions may be used for the date part of the format string:

ExpressionOutput
dthe day as number without a leading zero (1 to 31)
ddthe day as number with a leading zero (01 to 31)
dddthe abbreviated localized day name (e.g. 'Mon' to 'Sun'). Uses QDate::shortDayName().
ddddthe long localized day name (e.g. 'Monday' to 'Sunday'). Uses QDate::longDayName().
Mthe month as number without a leading zero (1-12)
MMthe month as number with a leading zero (01-12)
MMMthe abbreviated localized month name (e.g. 'Jan' to 'Dec'). Uses QDate::shortMonthName().
MMMMthe long localized month name (e.g. 'January' to 'December'). Uses QDate::longMonthName().
yythe year as two digit number (00-99)
yyyythe year as four digit number

Note: Unlike the other version of this function, day and month names must be given in the user's local language. It is only possible to use the English names if the user's language is English.

These expressions may be used for the time part of the format string:

ExpressionOutput
hthe hour without a leading zero (0 to 23 or 1 to 12 if AM/PM display)
hhthe hour with a leading zero (00 to 23 or 01 to 12 if AM/PM display)
Hthe hour without a leading zero (0 to 23, even with AM/PM display)
HHthe hour with a leading zero (00 to 23, even with AM/PM display)
mthe minute without a leading zero (0 to 59)
mmthe minute with a leading zero (00 to 59)
sthe second without a leading zero (0 to 59)
ssthe second with a leading zero (00 to 59)
zthe milliseconds without leading zeroes (0 to 999)
zzzthe milliseconds with leading zeroes (000 to 999)
AP or Ainterpret as an AM/PM time. AP must be either "AM" or "PM".
ap or aInterpret as an AM/PM time. ap must be either "am" or "pm".

All other input characters will be treated as text. Any sequence of characters that are enclosed in singlequotes will also be treated as text and not be used as an expression.

 QTime time1 = QTime::fromString("131", "HHh");
 // time1 is 13:00:00
 QTime time1 = QTime::fromString("1apA", "1amAM");
 // time1 is 01:00:00

 QDateTime dateTime2 = QDateTime::fromString("M1d1y9800:01:02",
                                             "'M'M'd'd'y'yyhh:mm:ss");
 // dateTime is 1 January 1998 00:01:02

If the format is not satisfied an invalid QDateTime is returned. The expressions that don't have leading zeroes (d, M, h, m, s, z) will be greedy. This means that they will use two digits even if this will put them outside the range and/or leave too few digits for other sections.

 QDateTime dateTime = QDateTime::fromString("130", "Mm"); // invalid

This could have meant 1 January 00:30.00 but the M will grab two digits.

For any field that is not represented in the format the following defaults are used:

FieldDefault value
Year1900
Month1 (January)
Day1
Hour0
Minute0
Second0

For example:

 QDateTime dateTime = QDateTime::fromString("1.30.1", "M.d.s");
 // dateTime is January 30 in 1900 at 00:00:01.

See also QDate::fromString(), QTime::fromString(), QDate::toString(), QDateTime::toString(), and QTime::toString().

QDateTime QDateTime::fromTime_t(uint seconds) [static]

Returns a datetime whose date and time are the number of seconds that have passed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00, Coordinated Universal Time (Qt::UTC). On systems that do not support time zones, the time will be set as if local time were Qt::UTC.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.2.

See also toTime_t() and setTime_t().

bool QDateTime::isNull() const

Returns true if both the date and the time are null; otherwise returns false. A null datetime is invalid.

See also QDate::isNull(), QTime::isNull(), and isValid().

bool QDateTime::isValid() const

Returns true if both the date and the time are valid; otherwise returns false.

See also QDate::isValid() and QTime::isValid().

qint64 QDateTime::msecsTo(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns the number of milliseconds from this datetime to the other datetime. If the other datetime is earlier than this datetime, the value returned is negative.

Before performing the comparison, the two datetimes are converted to Qt::UTC to ensure that the result is correct if one of the two datetimes has daylight saving time (DST) and the other doesn't.

Returns 0 if either time is null.

See also addMSecs(), daysTo(), and QTime::msecsTo().

int QDateTime::secsTo(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns the number of seconds from this datetime to the other datetime. If the other datetime is earlier than this datetime, the value returned is negative.

Before performing the comparison, the two datetimes are converted to Qt::UTC to ensure that the result is correct if one of the two datetimes has daylight saving time (DST) and the other doesn't.

Returns 0 if either time is invalid.

Example:

 QDateTime now = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
 QDateTime xmas(QDate(now.date().year(), 12, 25), QTime(0, 0));
 qDebug("There are %d seconds to Christmas", now.secsTo(xmas));

See also addSecs(), daysTo(), and QTime::secsTo().

void QDateTime::setDate(const QDate & date)

Sets the date part of this datetime to date. If no time is set, it is set to midnight.

See also date(), setTime(), and setTimeSpec().

void QDateTime::setMSecsSinceEpoch(qint64 msecs)

Sets the date and time given the number of milliseconds,msecs, that have passed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00.000, Coordinated Universal Time (Qt::UTC). On systems that do not support time zones this function will behave as if local time were Qt::UTC.

Note that there are possible values for msecs that lie outside the valid range of QDateTime, both negative and positive. The behavior of this function is undefined for those values.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.7.

See also toMSecsSinceEpoch() and setTime_t().

void QDateTime::setTime(const QTime & time)

Sets the time part of this datetime to time.

See also time(), setDate(), and setTimeSpec().

void QDateTime::setTimeSpec(Qt::TimeSpec spec)

Sets the time specification used in this datetime to spec.

See also timeSpec(), setDate(), setTime(), and Qt::TimeSpec.

void QDateTime::setTime_t(uint seconds)

Sets the date and time given the number of seconds that have passed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00, Coordinated Universal Time (Qt::UTC). On systems that do not support time zones this function will behave as if local time were Qt::UTC.

See also toTime_t().

QTime QDateTime::time() const

Returns the time part of the datetime.

See also setTime(), date(), and timeSpec().

Qt::TimeSpec QDateTime::timeSpec() const

Returns the time specification of the datetime.

See also setTimeSpec(), date(), time(), and Qt::TimeSpec.

QDateTime QDateTime::toLocalTime() const

Returns a datetime containing the date and time information in this datetime, but specified using the Qt::LocalTime definition.

See also toTimeSpec().

qint64 QDateTime::toMSecsSinceEpoch() const

Returns the datetime as the number of milliseconds that have passed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00.000, Coordinated Universal Time (Qt::UTC).

On systems that do not support time zones, this function will behave as if local time were Qt::UTC.

The behavior for this function is undefined if the datetime stored in this object is not valid. However, for all valid dates, this function returns a unique value.

This function was introduced in Qt 4.7.

See also toTime_t() and setMSecsSinceEpoch().

QString QDateTime::toString(const QString & format) const

Returns the datetime as a string. The format parameter determines the format of the result string.

These expressions may be used for the date:

ExpressionOutput
dthe day as number without a leading zero (1 to 31)
ddthe day as number with a leading zero (01 to 31)
dddthe abbreviated localized day name (e.g. 'Mon' to 'Sun'). Uses QDate::shortDayName().
ddddthe long localized day name (e.g. 'Monday' to 'Qt::Sunday'). Uses QDate::longDayName().
Mthe month as number without a leading zero (1-12)
MMthe month as number with a leading zero (01-12)
MMMthe abbreviated localized month name (e.g. 'Jan' to 'Dec'). Uses QDate::shortMonthName().
MMMMthe long localized month name (e.g. 'January' to 'December'). Uses QDate::longMonthName().
yythe year as two digit number (00-99)
yyyythe year as four digit number

These expressions may be used for the time:

ExpressionOutput
hthe hour without a leading zero (0 to 23 or 1 to 12 if AM/PM display)
hhthe hour with a leading zero (00 to 23 or 01 to 12 if AM/PM display)
mthe minute without a leading zero (0 to 59)
mmthe minute with a leading zero (00 to 59)
sthe second without a leading zero (0 to 59)
ssthe second with a leading zero (00 to 59)
zthe milliseconds without leading zeroes (0 to 999)
zzzthe milliseconds with leading zeroes (000 to 999)
APuse AM/PM display. AP will be replaced by either "AM" or "PM".
apuse am/pm display. ap will be replaced by either "am" or "pm".

All other input characters will be ignored. Any sequence of characters that are enclosed in singlequotes will be treated as text and not be used as an expression. Two consecutive singlequotes ("''") are replaced by a singlequote in the output.

Example format strings (assumed that the QDateTime is 21 May 2001 14:13:09):

FormatResult
dd.MM.yyyy21.05.2001
ddd MMMM d yyTue May 21 01
hh:mm:ss.zzz14:13:09.042
h:m:s ap2:13:9 pm

If the datetime is invalid, an empty string will be returned.

See also QDate::toString() and QTime::toString().

QString QDateTime::toString(Qt::DateFormat format = Qt::TextDate) const

This is an overloaded function.

Returns the datetime as a string in the format given.

If the format is Qt::TextDate, the string is formatted in the default way. QDate::shortDayName(), QDate::shortMonthName(), and QTime::toString() are used to generate the string, so the day and month names will be localized names. An example of this formatting is "Wed May 20 03:40:13 1998".

If the format is Qt::ISODate, the string format corresponds to the ISO 8601 extended specification for representations of dates and times, taking the form YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[Z|[+|-]HH:MM], depending on the timeSpec() of the QDateTime. If the timeSpec() is Qt::UTC, Z will be appended to the string; if the timeSpec() is Qt::OffsetFromUTC the offset in hours and minutes from UTC will be appended to the string.

If the format is Qt::SystemLocaleShortDate or Qt::SystemLocaleLongDate, the string format depends on the locale settings of the system. Identical to calling QLocale::system().toString(datetime, QLocale::ShortFormat) or QLocale::system().toString(datetime, QLocale::LongFormat).

If the format is Qt::DefaultLocaleShortDate or Qt::DefaultLocaleLongDate, the string format depends on the default application locale. This is the locale set with QLocale::setDefault(), or the system locale if no default locale has been set. Identical to calling QLocale().toString(datetime, QLocale::ShortFormat) or QLocale().toString(datetime, QLocale::LongFormat).

If the datetime is invalid, an empty string will be returned.

Warning: The Qt::ISODate format is only valid for years in the range 0 to 9999. This restriction may apply to locale-aware formats as well, depending on the locale settings.

See also QDate::toString(), QTime::toString(), and Qt::DateFormat.

QDateTime QDateTime::toTimeSpec(Qt::TimeSpec specification) const

Returns a copy of this datetime configured to use the given time specification.

See also timeSpec(), toUTC(), and toLocalTime().

uint QDateTime::toTime_t() const

Returns the datetime as the number of seconds that have passed since 1970-01-01T00:00:00, Coordinated Universal Time (Qt::UTC).

On systems that do not support time zones, this function will behave as if local time were Qt::UTC.

Note: This function returns a 32-bit unsigned integer, so it does not support dates before 1970, but it does support dates after 2038-01-19T03:14:06, which may not be valid time_t values. Be careful when passing those time_t values to system functions, which could interpret them as negative dates.

If the date is outside the range 1970-01-01T00:00:00 to 2106-02-07T06:28:14, this function returns -1 cast to an unsigned integer (i.e., 0xFFFFFFFF).

To get an extended range, use toMSecsSinceEpoch().

See also toMSecsSinceEpoch() and setTime_t().

QDateTime QDateTime::toUTC() const

Returns a datetime containing the date and time information in this datetime, but specified using the Qt::UTC definition.

See also toTimeSpec().

bool QDateTime::operator!=(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns true if this datetime is different from the other datetime; otherwise returns false.

Two datetimes are different if either the date, the time, or the time zone components are different.

See also operator==().

bool QDateTime::operator<(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns true if this datetime is earlier than the other datetime; otherwise returns false.

bool QDateTime::operator<=(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns true if this datetime is earlier than or equal to the other datetime; otherwise returns false.

QDateTime & QDateTime::operator=(const QDateTime & other)

Makes a copy of the other datetime and returns a reference to the copy.

bool QDateTime::operator==(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns true if this datetime is equal to the other datetime; otherwise returns false.

See also operator!=().

bool QDateTime::operator>(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns true if this datetime is later than the other datetime; otherwise returns false.

bool QDateTime::operator>=(const QDateTime & other) const

Returns true if this datetime is later than or equal to the other datetime; otherwise returns false.

Related Non-Members

QDataStream & operator<<(QDataStream & out, const QDateTime & dateTime)

Writes dateTime to the out stream.

See also Serializing Qt Data Types.

QDataStream & operator>>(QDataStream & in, QDateTime & dateTime)

Reads a datetime from the stream in into dateTime.

See also Serializing Qt Data Types.

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